Researcher:
Yörük, Erdem

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Erdem

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Yörük

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Yörük, Erdem

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2012 - 2019242020 - 202317

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Now showing 1 - 10 of 42
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    Digital populism: trolls and political polarization of Twitter in Turkey
    (University of Southern California, 2017) Department of Media and Visual Arts; Department of Sociology; Bulut, Ergin; Yörük, Erdem; Faculty Member; Faculty Member; Department of Media and Visual Arts; Department of Sociology; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; 219279; 28982
    This article analyzes political trolling in Turkey through the lens of mediated populism. Twitter trolling in Turkey has diverged from its original uses (i.e., poking fun, flaming, etc.) toward government-led polarization and right-wing populism. Failing to develop an effective strategy to mobilize online masses, Turkey's ruling Justice and Development Party (JDP/AKP) relied on the polarizing performances of a large progovernment troll army. Trolls deploy three features of JDP's populism: serving the people, fetish of the will of the people, and demonization. Whereas trolls traditionally target and mock institutions, Turkey's political trolls act on behalf of the establishment. They produce a digital culture of lynching and censorship. Trolls' language also impacts pro-JDP journalists who act like trolls and attack journalists, academics, and artists critical of the government.
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    Political determinants of social assistance policies: a critical global comparative systematic literature review
    (Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd) Bargu, Ali; Department of Sociology; N/A; Yörük, Erdem; Kına, Mehmet Fuat; Faculty Member; Researcher; Department of Sociology; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; 28982; N/A
    Social assistance programs and the related literature are proliferating globally. This article conducts a critical systematic review of the literature with objective and transparent selection criteria and illustrates two major shortcomings: First, the literature is largely descriptive and impact-oriented as analytical studies on the determinants/causes of social assistance programs are relatively under-examined. Second, it identifies a gap in the literature, which emanates from the relative under-examination of political, and especially contentious political, factors in scholarly analyses of determinants/causes of social assistance programs in comparison to structuralist, institutional, and ideational approaches.
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    Electoral polarization, class politics and a new welfare state in Brazil and Turkey
    (Cambridge University Press (CUP), 2020) Comin, Alvaro; Department of Sociology; Yörük, Erdem; Faculty Member; Department of Sociology; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; 28982
    We explain why and how the governing parties, AKP of Turkey and PT of Brazil, converged on the same path of relying on the poor as the main strategy to stay in power. With the neoliberal reorganization and internationalization of their economies, the capacity of these governments to set up developmentalist alliances with big capital, the middle classes and the organized working classes was weakened. Based on a most-different-systems design and on descriptive statistical analysis, we argue that both PT and AKP failed to build multi-class bases and thus had to mobilize the poor by using various strategies, most importantly expanding social assistance policies, which accelerated the emergence of a new welfare state.
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    Challenges and applications of automated extraction of socio-political events from text (case 2021): workshop and shared task report
    (Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL), 2021) Tanev, Hristo; Zavarella, Vanni; Piskorski, Jakub; Yeniterzi, Reyyan; Villavicencio, Aline; Department of Sociology; Department of Sociology; N/A; Department of Computer Engineering; Hürriyetoğlu, Ali; Yörük, Erdem; Mutlu, Osman; Yüret, Deniz; Teaching Faculty; Faculty Member; PhD Student; Faculty Member; Department of Sociology; Department of Computer Engineering; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; Graduate School of Sciences and Engineering; College of Engineering; N/A; 28982; N/A; 179996
    This workshop is the fourth issue of a series of workshops on automatic extraction of sociopolitical events from news, organized by the Emerging Market Welfare Project, with the support of the Joint Research Centre of the European Commission and with contributions from many other prominent scholars in this field. The purpose of this series of workshops is to foster research and development of reliable, valid, robust, and practical solutions for automatically detecting descriptions of sociopolitical events, such as protests, riots, wars and armed conflicts, in text streams. This year workshop contributors make use of the state-of-the-art NLP technologies, such as Deep Learning, Word Embeddings and Transformers and cover a wide range of topics from text classification to news bias detection. Around 40 teams have registered and 15 teams contributed to three tasks that are i) multilingual protest news detection, ii) fine-grained classification of socio-political events, and iii) discovering Black Lives Matter protest events. The workshop also highlights two keynote and four invited talks about various aspects of creating event data sets and multi- and cross-lingual machine learning in few- and zero-shot settings.
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    The dependent variable problem revisited: methods, concepts, and scope in the welfare retrenchment literature
    (Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd., 2021) Department of Sociology; N/A; Yörük, Erdem; Kına, Mehmet Fuat; Faculty Member; Researcher; Department of Sociology; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; 28982; N/A
    This chapter discusses whether and to what extent there is “dependent variable problem” in the most recent welfare state retrenchment literature. The problem is previously defined as the vagueness, lack of consensus and inconsistencies in the conceptualization and operationalization of welfare retrenchment. Some scholars have argued that welfare state retrenchment should be measured with expenditure levels, while some others suggest the use of right based measures (e.g. replacement rates). However, more recently, there appeared a silent consensus on the use of social rights as the best choice over expenditures. This chapter is based on a systematic literature review of empirical analyzes on welfare retrenchment that have been published after those reviewed by Green-Pedersen (2004). Despite the theoretical consensus, our analysis points out that expenditure is still the most commonly used indicator to represent and analyze welfare retrenchment. It also allows to figure out to what extent the DVP has been resolved.
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    Welfare provision as political containment: the politics of social assistance and the Kurdish conflict in Turkey
    (Sage, 2012) Department of Sociology; Yörük, Erdem; Faculty Member; Department of Sociology; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; 28982
    Can we argue that pressures generated from grassroots politics are responsible for the rapid expansion and ethnically/racially uneven distribution of social assistance programs in emerging economies? This article analyzes the Turkish case and shows that social assistance programs in Turkey are directed disproportionately to the Kurdish minority and to the Kurdish region of Turkey, especially to the internally displaced Kurds in urban and metropolitan areas. The article analyzes a cross-sectional dataset generated by a 10,386-informant stratified random sampling survey and controls for possibly intervening socioeconomic factors and neighborhood-level fixed-effects. The results show that high ethnic disparity in social assistance is not due to higher poverty among Kurds. Rather, Kurdish ethnic identity is the main determinant of the access to social assistance. This result yields substantive support to argue that the Turkish government uses social assistance to contain the Kurdish unrest in Turkey. The Turkish government seems to give social assistance not simply where the people become poor, but where the poor become politicized. This provides support for Fox Piven and Cloward's thesis that relief for the poor is driven by social unrest, rather than social need. The article concludes that similar hypotheses may hold true for other emerging economies, where similar types of social assistance programs have recently expanded significantly and have been directed to ethnic/racial groups.
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    Class and politics in Turkey's Gezi protests
    (New Left Rev Ltd, 2014) Department of Sociology; Department of Sociology; Yörük, Erdem; Yüksel, Murat; Faculty Member; Faculty Member; Department of Sociology; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; 28982; N/A
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    O longo verão da Turquia: entendendo o levante Gezi
    (Centro Brasileiro de Analise e Planejamento (CEBRAP), 2013) Department of Sociology; Yörük, Erdem; Faculty Member; Department of Sociology; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; 28982
    Uprising in Turkey, providing a portrayal of the recent history of the country. The article analyzes the unfolding of accumulated grievances and resulting grassroots struggles in Turkey during the last year preceding the Gezi Uprising. Then, the article employs the concept of self-fulfilling prophecy as a mechanism that transformed and united various struggles into a single nationwide uprising. The second half of the article compares the protests in Turkey and Brazil, placing the differences and similarities into a broader political and historical context.
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    Multilingual protest news detection - shared task 1, CASE 2021
    (Assoc Computational Linguistics-Acl, 2021) Liza, Farhana Ferdousi; Kumar, Ritesh; Ratan, Shyam; Department of Sociology; N/A; Department of Sociology; Hürriyetoğlu, Ali; Mutlu, Osman; Yörük, Erdem; Teaching Faculty; PhD Student; Faculty Member; Department of Sociology; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; Graduate School of Sciences and Engineering; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; N/A; N/A; 28982
    Benchmarking state-of-the-art text classification and information extraction systems in multilingual, cross-lingual, few-shot, and zero-shot settings for socio-political event information collection is achieved in the scope of the shared task Socio-political and Crisis Events Detection at the workshop CASE @ ACL-IJCNLP 2021. Socio-political event data is utilized for national and international policy- and decision-making. Therefore, the reliability and validity of such datasets are of utmost importance. We split the shared task into three parts to address the three aspects of data collection (Task 1), fine-grained semantic classification (Task 2), and evaluation (Task 3). Task 1, which is the focus of this report, is on multilingual protest news detection and comprises four subtasks that are document classification (subtask 1), sentence classification (subtask 2), event sentence coreference identification (sub-task 3), and event extraction (subtask 4). All subtasks have English, Portuguese, and Spanish for both training and evaluation data. Data in Hindi language is available only for the evaluation of subtask 1. The majority of the submissions, which are 238 in total, are created using multi- and cross-lingual approaches. Best scores are between 77.27 and 84.55 F1-macro for subtask 1, between 85.32 and 88.61 F1-macro for subtask 2, between 84.23 and 93.03 CoNLL 2012 average score for subtask 3, and between 66.20 and 78.11 F1-macro for subtask 4 in all evaluation settings. The performance of the best system for subtask 4 is above 66.20 F1 for all available languages. Although there is still a significant room for improvement in cross-lingual and zero-shot settings, the best submissions for each evaluation scenario yield remarkable results. Monolingual models outperformed the multilingual models in a few evaluation scenarios, in which there is relatively much training data.
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    The four global worlds of welfare capitalism: institutional, neoliberal, populist and residual welfare state regimes
    (Sage Publications Ltd, 2022) Oker, Ibrahim; Tafoya, Gabriela Ramalho; Department of Sociology; Yörük, Erdem; Faculty Member; Department of Sociology; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; 28982
    What welfare state regimes are observed when the analysis is extended globally, empirically and theoretically? We introduce a novel perspective into the 'welfare state regimes analyzes' - a perspective that brings developed and developing countries together and, as such, broadens the geographical, empirical and theoretical scope of the 'welfare modelling business'. The expanding welfare regimes literature has suffered from several drawbacks: (i) it is radically slanted towards organisation for economic co-operation and development (OECD) countries, (ii) the literature on non-OECD countries does not use genuine welfare policy variables and (iii) social assistance and healthcare programmes are not utilized as components of welfare state effort and generosity. To overcome these limitations, we employ advanced data reduction methods, exploit an original dataset that we assembled from several international and domestic sources covering 52 emerging markets and OECD countries and present a welfare state regime structure as of the mid-2010s. Our analysis is based on genuine welfare policy variables that are theorized to capture welfare generosity and welfare efforts across five major policy domains: old-age pensions, sickness cash benefits, unemployment insurance, social assistance and healthcare. The sample of OECD countries and emerging market economies form four distinct welfare state regime clusters: institutional, neoliberal, populist and residual. We unveil the composition and performance of welfare state components in each welfare state regime family and develop politics-based working hypotheses about the formation of these regimes. Institutional welfare state regimes perform high in social security, healthcare and social assistance, while populist regimes perform moderately in social assistance and healthcare and moderate-to-high in social security. The neoliberal regime performs moderately in social assistance and healthcare, and it performs low in social security, and the residual regime performs low in all components. We then hypothesize that the relative political strengths of formal and informal working classes are key factors that shaped these welfare state regime typologies.