Researcher:
Erol, Fatih

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Fatih

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Erol

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    The historical development of populism in turkey in the light of populism theories: an analysis on political parties
    (Anadolu Üniversitesi, 2022) Elçi, Ezgi; Department of International Relations; N/A; N/A; Çarkoğlu, Ali; Erol, Fatih; Paksoy, Cansu; Faculty Member; Researcher; PhD Student; Department of International Relations; College of Administrative Sciences and Economics; College of Administrative Sciences and Economics; Graduate School of Social Sciences and Humanities; 125588; 374390; N/A
    This article evaluates how and which political parties adopted populist notions from the late Ottoman Empire to contemporary Turkish politics. As such, our study considers populism as a thin-centered ideology. In the light of this definition, which allows broadening the scope for observational research,we examined the history of populism in Turkey along with the concepts of the people, the elites, and the people’s will. Our review puts forward three distinct concepts of “people” in populism in Turkey. These conceptualizations cover “the ordinary people” of the Republican People’s Party (Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi-CHP) during the 1970s on the left, “the will of the people” and “commonsense of the people” adopted by the center-right parties since the 1950s, and “Islamic people” embraced by the National Outlook (Milli Görüş) on the right since 1969. The definition of elites positioned against the people in Turkey varies depending on whether political parties are in power and where they fall on the ideological right-left spectrum. In the recent period, the Justice and Development Party (Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi-AK Parti) has brought a new identity to Turkish populism by blending the lines of the Democrat Party (Demokrat Parti-DP) and Justice Party (Adalet Partisi-AP) and the approach of National Outlook. In this context, the definition of the elite against the people ranges from exclusive-authoritarian rulers in domestic politics to external enemies in international politics and their domestic collaborators. Overall, our historical analysis demonstrates that populist notions in Turkey is not restricted to a single political party or ideology. Such a historical analysis will provide a significant resource for further quantitative and qualitative analyses. We also anticipate that putting forward the development of populism over time and across the left-right ideological spectrum in Turkey will theoretically as well as empirically contribute to other comparative studies. / Öz: Bu çalışma, popülist eğilimlerin Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nun son döneminden günümüz Türkiye siyasetine kadar hangi liderler ve partiler tarafından ne şekilde benimsendiğini araştırmaktadır. Bu amaçla çalışmamızın kurgusu popülizmi zayıf-merkezli bir ideoloji olarak kabul etmektedir. Görgül zenginliğe olanak sağlayan bu tanımlamanın ışığında Türkiye’deki popülizmin tarihi millet (halk), elitler ve milli irade kavramlarıçerçevesinde irdelenmiştir. İncelememiz Türkiye’deki popülizmde üç ayrı “halk” kavramını gözlemlemektedir. Bunlar, solda 1970’ler Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi’nin benimsediği “sıradan insanlar;” merkez sağ partilerin 1950’lerden itibaren takip ettiği “milli irade” ile “halkın aklıselimi” ve sağda 1969 itibariyle Milli Görüş ideolojisinin benimsediği “İslam milleti” tanımlamalarıdır. Türkiye’deki popülizm, milletin (halkın) karşısına yerleştirilen elitlerin tanımına siyasal partilerin muhalefette-iktidarda olup olmamalarına ve ideolojik sağ-sol yönelimlerine göre farklılık göstermektedir. Yakın dönemde ise Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi, Demokrat Parti ve Adalet Partisi çizgisini ve Milli Görüş’ün yaklaşımını harmanlayarak Türkiye popülizmine yeni bir kimlik kazandırmıştır. Bu bağlamda, milletin (halkın) karşısındaki elit tanımı iç siyasetteki dışlayıcı-otoriter yöneticilerden uluslararası siyasetteki dış düşmanlara ve onların iç siyasetteki işbirlikçilerine endekslenmiştir. Sonuçta, incelememiz Türkiye’deki popülist eğilimlerin siyasette sadece belli bir parti ve ideolojiye ait olmadığını tarihsel bir bütünlük içerisinde sunmaktadır. Bu teorik temelli tarihsel bütünlük aynı zamanda diğer nicel ve nitel vaka analizlerine de önemli bir kaynak sağlayacaktır. Millet (halk), elitler ve milli irade kavramlarının tarih içerisinde ve siyasal sağ-sol ideoloji yelpazesinin neredeyse her yerinde geçirmiş olduğu gelişimi ortaya koymanın diğer karşılaştırmalı çalışmalara da hem kuramsal hem de görgül katkılarda bulunacağını düşünmekteyiz.
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    Too tired to vote: a multi-national comparison of election turnout with sleep preferences and behaviors
    (Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2022) Ksiazkiewicz, Aleksander; Department of International Relations; Erol, Fatih; Researcher; Department of International Relations; College of Administrative Sciences and Economics; 374390
    Receiving a healthy amount of sleep is essential to one's quality of life. Both sleep-wake timing preferences (chronotype) and sleep duration are implicated in health, academic achievement, and workplace performance. This study complements the existing sleep-politics literature by examining the associations between sleep duration, chronotype, and turnout with a representative cross-national survey dataset from nine national contexts. Our analyses demonstrate that greater sleep duration is non-linearly related to higher turnout; those who sleep too little or too much are less likely to vote. The results also show that morning chronotype is associated with higher turnout, but controlling for religiosity attenuates this relationship. We argue that healthy sleep duration and chronotype lay at the intersection of the socioeconomic and psychological resources necessary to participate in elections.
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    Too tired to vote: a multi-national comparison of election turnout with sleep preferences and behaviors (vol 78, 102491, 2022)
    (Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2022) Ksiazkiewicz, A.; Department of International Relations; Erol, Fatih; Researcher; Department of International Relations; College of Administrative Sciences and Economics; 374390
    N/A
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    Terrorism mortality salience manipulation: a causal mediation analysis
    (Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd) Department of International Relations; Erol, Fatih; Researcher; Department of International Relations; College of Administrative Sciences and Economics; 374390
    Building upon past findings on terrorism and individual-level politically conservative self-identification, I evaluate the effect of terrorism mortality reminders on conservative self-placement with three survey experiments, using non-representative Facebook samples in Turkey (2018, 2020). The scant existing experimental findings outside the usual Northwestern European and North American environment make it difficult to assess how the context (e.g., the longevity and diversity of terrorism problems in a country) can explain the alignment between terrorism threats and conservatism. In non-Western areas such as Turkey, with various types of terrorism over time, the link between terrorism threat and conservatism may remain uniform. However, the fear of death in a terrorist attack elicited by the terrorism mortality salience would create psychological strain and make individuals suppress terrorism-related death-thoughts by moving away from conservatism, reminding them of the human body's vulnerability to threats and igniting fearfulness. Using the Terror Management Theory perspective, this study explored the causal mechanism running from terrorism mortality reminder to terrorism mortality fear to conservative self-identification. In all three studies, conservatism decreased when the respondents felt fearful of terrorism mortality and the treated respondents became more conservative if the terrorism mortality fear was kept at its average value (as a covariate).