Activity-based photosensitizers with optimized triplet state characteristics toward cancer cell selective and image guided photodynamic therapy

Abstract

Activity-based theranostic photosensitizers are highly attractive in photodynarnic therapy as they offer enhanced therapeutic outcome on cancer cells with an imaging opportunity at the same time. However, photosensitizers (PS) cores that can be easily converted to activity-based photosensitizers (aPSs) are still quite limited in the literature. In this study, we modified the dicyanomethylene-4H-chromene (DCM) core with a heavy iodine atom to get two different PSs (DCMo-I, I-DCMo-Cl) that can be further converted to aPS after simple modifications. The effect of iodine positioning on singlet oxygen generation capacity was also evaluated through computational studies. DCMo-I showed better performance in solution experiments and further proved to be a promising phototheranostic scaffold via cell culture studies. Later, a cysteine (Cys) activatable PS based on the DCMo-I core (DCMo-I-Cys) was developed, which induced selective photocytotoxicity along with a fluorescence turn-on response in Cys rich cancer cells.