The influence of melatonin on brain tumors: a comprehensive review

Abstract

Primary brain tumors are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms, originating from glial and other cell types in the central nervous system (CNS). Despite advancements in technology and medicine, the prognosis for malignant brain tumors remains poor. This situation requires novel therapeutic approaches. Melatonin, a hormone produced by the pineal gland, regulates sleep and circadian rhythms. It also possesses various biological functions, such as antioxidant properties, immune modulation, and tumor suppression. This review analyzes existing research on the effects of melatonin on brain tumors, focusing on its therapeutic potential and mechanisms of action, and highlights melatonin's promise as a complementary therapy against adult and pediatric high-grade gliomas.