Esophageal cancer

Abstract

Esophageal carcinoma is lethal owing to its aggressive invasion at the site of the tumor and its high rate of distant metastasis (Siewert et al. Ann Oncol 5:1–7, 1994). Treatment of esophageal cancer requires a multidisciplinary approach that combines timely coordinated chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and esophagectomy. Surgery is the “gold standard” therapy for very early-stage esophageal cancer. Preoperative concurrent chemoradiotherapy is recommended as the standard treatment for patients with locally advanced disease and those eligible for surgery. Definitive chemoradiotherapy is the optimal standard for patients who cannot withstand surgery or some who have locally advanced disease. Radiotherapy also has a major role in palliation.