Eau–eanm–estro–esur–isup–siog Guidelines on prostate cancer—2026 update. Part i: screening, diagnosis, and local treatment with curative intent

Abstract

To present a summary of the 2026 version of the European Association of Urology (EAU)–European Association of Nuclear Medicine (EANM)–European Society for Radiotherapy and Oncology (ESTRO)–European Society of Urogenital Radiology (ESUR)–International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP)–International Society of Geriatric Oncology (SIOG) guidelines on screening, diagnosis, and treatment of clinically localised prostate cancer (PCa). Methods The Panel performed a literature review of all new data published in English, covering the time frame between May 2023 and 2025. The Guidelines were updated, and a strength rating for each recommendation was added based on a systematic review of the evidence. Key findings A risk-adapted strategy for identifying men who may develop PCa is advised, generally commencing at 50 yr of age and based on individualised life expectancy. The use of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging to avoid unnecessary biopsies is recommended. When a biopsy is considered, a combination of targeted and regional biopsies should be performed. A new five-tier EAU classification has been introduced. Prostate-specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography imaging is the most sensitive technique for identifying metastatic spread. Active surveillance is the appropriate management for men with low-risk PCa, as well as for patients with selected favourable intermediate-risk ISUP grade group 2 lesions. Local therapies are addressed, as well as the management of persistent prostate-specific antigen after surgery. A recommendation to consider hypofractionated radiotherapy in intermediate-risk patients is provided. Patients with cN1 PCa should be offered radiotherapy to the primary tumour combined with long-term intensified hormonal treatment. Conclusions and clinical implications The evidence in the field of diagnosis, staging, and treatment of localised PCa is evolving rapidly. These PCa Guidelines reflect the multidisciplinary nature of PCa management.