Drinking with animals: investigating zoomorphic decorations on second-millennium BCE Western Anatolian pottery

Abstract

This study provides the first comprehensive analysis of zoomorphic plastic decorations on pottery from second-millennium BCE western Anatolia. Despite early observations by Heinrich Schliemann at Troy, these decorations have not been systematically studied until now. This research addresses a gap in figural iconographic material from western Anatolia, contrasted with the rich iconography of neighboring regions. Over 300 zoomorphic decorations of the second millennium BCE from western Anatolia are categorized and described. The chronological and geographical situation and changes over time of seven types are discussed across four recognized phases. Moreover, the article highlights similarities and possible links with central Anatolia, the Aegean, and Italy. It underscores the cultural and symbolic significance of these decorations, suggesting their role in ritual and economic contexts. Finally, the article also contributes to deeper understandings of western Anatolian material culture and its interactions with neighboring regions.