The impact of sarcopenic obesity on cancer clinical outcomes

Abstract

Sarcopenic obesity is a distinct clinical condition characterized by the coexistence of excess fat and reduced muscle mass. Although the prevalence of sarcopenic obesity varies depending on the definition used, it is increasingly recognized as a significant health concern, regardless of age and underlying disease. Despite limited understanding of the crosstalk between sarcopenic obesity and cancer, emerging evidence suggests that sarcopenic obesity not only promotes a metabolic and inflammatory environment conducive to cancer progression but also profoundly impacts treatment efficacy, safety, and survival outcomes. This review provides a concise overview of the key aspects of sarcopenic obesity, with a particular focus on its role in the cancer setting. We also assess existing evidence on its influence on oncological outcomes in both early and advanced stages of the various solid tumor types.