Radioligand therapy with 177LU-PSMA-I and T in patients with metastatic prostate cancer: oncological outcomes and toxicity profile

Abstract

Introduction: This study aimed to investigate the oncological outcomes and toxicity profile of Lu-177-PSMA-I&T radioligand therapy (RLT) in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), as well as our initial experience in metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC).Patients and Methods: A total of 38 consecutive patients with metastatic prostate cancer (33 mCRPC and 5 mHSPC) received Lu-177-PSMA-I&T RLT, with a median of 2 cycles per patient (range, 1-7). Response to RLT was evaluated based on prostate-specific antigen (PSA) changes and imaging response. Clinical progression-free survival and overall survival were used to report oncological outcomes. Toxicity was assessed using the Common Toxicity Criteria for Adverse Events criteria.Results: In mCRPC, 22 (69%), 18 (56%), and 11 (34%) patients achieved any PSA decline, PSA response of >= 30%, and PSA response of >= 50%, respectively. The clinical progression-free survival and overall survival after the first cycle of RLT were 6.3 and 21.4 months, respectively. In mHSPC, Lu-177-PSMA-I&T RLT resulted in excellent PSA response (93.0%-99.9%) in all cases. Clinical progression and cancer-related mortality occurred in only 1 case. Toxicity profile was favorable in both mHSPC and mCRPC.Conclusions Lu-177-PSMA-I&T RLT demonstrated favorable PSA response (>= 30%) in over half of the patients with mCRPC and excellent PSA response in all patients with mHSPC. Toxicity profile was favorable in both mHSPC and mCRPC settings. Further studies are needed to evaluate the role of Lu-177-PSMA-I&T RLT in the management of metastatic prostate cancer.