Bianchi type-II models in the presence of perfect fluid and anisotropic dark energy

Abstract

The spatially homogeneous but totally anisotropic and non-flat Bianchi type-II cosmological model has been studied in general relativity in the presence of two minimally interacting fluids; a perfect fluid as the matter fluid and a hypothetical anisotropic fluid as the dark energy fluid. The Einstein field equations have been solved by applying two kinematical Ansatze: we have assumed the variation law for the mean Hubble parameter that yields a constant value of the deceleration parameter, and one of the components of the shear tensor has been considered proportional to the mean Hubble parameter. We have particularly dwelled on the accelerating models with non-divergent expansion anisotropy as the Universe evolves. Yielding the anisotropic pressure, the fluid we consider in the context of dark energy can produce results that can be produced in the presence of isotropic fluid in accordance with the CDM cosmology. However, the derived model gives additional opportunities by being able to allow kinematics that cannot be produced in the presence of fluids that yield only isotropic pressure. We have obtained well-behaving cases where the anisotropy of the expansion and the anisotropy of the fluid converge to finite values ( include zero) in the late Universe. We have also showed that, although the metric we consider is totally anisotropic, the anisotropy of the dark energy is constrained to be axially symmetric, as long as the overall energy momentum tensor possesses zero shear stress.