Publication:
Five-year follow-up of 96 weeks peginterferon plus tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in hepatitis D

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SCHOOL OF MEDICINE
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Anastasiou, Olympia E.
Caruntu, Florin A.
Curescu, Manuela G.
Yalcin, Kendal
Akarca, Ulus S.
Gurel, Selim
Zeuzem, Stefan
Erhardt, Andreas
Lueth, Stefan
Papatheodoridis, George V.

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Background and Aims: Until recently, pegylated interferon-alfa-2a (PEG-IFNa) therapy was the only treatment option for patients infected with hepatitis D virus (HDV). Treatment with PEG-IFNa with or without tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) for 96 weeks resulted in HDV RNA suppression in 44% of patients at the end of therapy but did not prevent short-term relapses within 24 weeks. The virological and clinical long-term effects after prolonged PEG-IFNa-based treatment of hepatitis D are unknown.Methods: In the HIDIT-II study patients (including 40% with liver cirrhosis) received 180 mu g PEG-IFNa weekly plus 300 mg TDF once daily (n = 59) or 180 mu g PEG-IFNa weekly plus placebo (n = 61) for 96 weeks. Patients were followed until week 356 (5 years after end of therapy).Results: Until the end of follow-up, 16 (13%) patients developed liver-related complications (PEG-IFNa + TDF, n = 5 vs PEG-IFNa + placebo, n = 11; p = .179). Achieving HDV suppression at week 96 was associated with decreased long-term risk for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (p = .04) and hepatic decompensation (p = .009). Including complications irrespective of PEG-IFNa retreatment status, the number of patients developing serious complications was similar with (3/18) and without retreatment with PEG-IFNa (16/102, p > .999) but was associated with a higher chance of HDV-RNA suppression (p = .024, odds ratio 3.9 [1.3-12]). Conclusions: Liver-related clinical events were infrequent and occurred less frequently in patients with virological responses to PEG-IFNa treatment. PEG-IFNa treatment should be recommended to HDV-infected patients until alternative therapies become available. Retreatment with PEG-IFNa should be considered for patients with inadequate response to the first course of treatment.

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Wiley

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Gastroenterology, Hepatology

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Liver International

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10.1111/liv.15745

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