The role of wearable technologies in symptom management and psychosocial outcomes among pediatric oncology and hematology patients: a systematic review

Abstract

Wearable technologies (WD), including biosensors, smartwatches, and activity trackers, are increasingly applied in pediatric healthcare as non-pharmacological and supportive tools for symptom monitoring and psychosocial well-being. Despite their growing use, no prior systematic review has synthesized evidence on their application in pediatric oncology and hematology populations. This review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness, feasibility, and acceptability of WD in improving symptom management and psychosocial outcomes among these patients. Methods A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Cochrane Library, MEDLINE (OVID), Scopus, Web of Science, and CINAHL. Eligible studies were randomized controlled trials or quasi-experimental studies involving pediatric oncology or hematology patients using WD for symptom monitoring, physical activity tracking, or psychosocial support. The review followed PRISMA 2020 guidelines, and study quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tools. Results Four studies with a total of 112 participants met inclusion criteria. Interventions employed devices such as Empatica E4, Everion®, CORE®, and Fitbit Flex. Wearables were generally feasible and acceptable, with adherence rates ranging from 58% to 95%. Reported benefits included alignment of WD-derived physiological data with clinical vital signs, identification of pain-related distress through biophysical markers, modest improvements in social functioning and motivation, and high parental and patient acceptance. Key limitations included small sample sizes, technical barriers, and inconsistent compliance. Conclusion Wearable technologies show promise for supporting real-time symptom monitoring, pain management, and psychosocial well-being in pediatric oncology and hematology care. Larger, multicenter randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm effectiveness and guide clinical implementation.