Opto-electromechanical smart glasses for intraocular pressure sensing

Abstract

We demonstrate smart glasses that integrate a laser diode, a pair of electromagnetically actuated 3D-printed cantilevers, and an endoscopic camera for non-contact intraocular pressure (IOP) monitoring. This sensing device utilizes a fast-scanning cantilever to generate a vertical line on the eye, while a secondary sub-resonant cantilever dynamically steers the beam to remain centered on the pupil despite eye rotation. The IOP is inferred from the corneal deformation, quantified as the radius of curvature of the projected laser line captured by the endoscopic camera. Ray-tracing and finite-element simulations were performed to analyze the optical and mechanical design of the cantilevers. We conducted experiments on an elastic eye phantom at different tilt angles, revealing a pressure resolution of 2.37 mmHg within the 0–50 mmHg range. Compared with grid-projection approach, the dual-actuated design enables precise pupil tracking and consistent curvature estimation. With further in-vivo experimentation and development, the proposed smart-glasses platform could translate into a personalized, real-time continuous IOP monitoring device for glaucoma management.