Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and omega-3 fatty acid supplementation: a systematic review

Abstract

Objective: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a chronic multifactorial disorder mainly affecting school-aged children and resulting in inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity symptoms. While exact underlying cause remains unknown, observations regarding the low plasma levels of omega-3 fatty acids in ADHD patients leads to a new treatment approach, omega-3 fatty acid supplementation.

Method: Literature search is performed about the relation between omega-3 fatty acid supplementation and ADHD treatment by using 3 databases. Nineteen studies met the inclusion criteria and further analyzed.

Results: Studies performed with higher number of participants and for longer trial period demonstrate beneficial effects of omega-3 fatty acids in ADHD treatment while no significant additional adverse effects are recorded compared to regular treatment options.

Discussion: Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation approach in ADHD treatment is one of the highly investigated issues while there is a lack of comprehensive literature review regarding that issue. In this literature review, we conclude beneficial effects of omega-3 fatty acids in ADHD treatment while it is important to emphasize the need for additional and more comprehensive clinical trials about this issue.