Relay selection, scheduling, and power control in wireless-powered cooperative communication networks

Abstract

Relay nodes are used to improve the throughput, delay and reliability performance of energy harvesting networks by assisting both energy and information transfer between sources and access point. Previous studies on radio frequency energy harvesting networks are limited to single-source-single/multiple-relay networks. In this paper, a novel joint relay selection, scheduling and power control problem for multiple-source-multiple-relay network is formulated with the objective of minimizing the total duration of wireless power and information transfer. The formulated problem is non-convex mixed-integer non-linear programming problem, and proven to be NP-hard. We first formulate a sub-problem on scheduling and power control for a given relay selection. We propose an efficient optimal algorithm based on a bi-level optimization over power transfer time allocation. Then, for optimal relay selection, we present optimal exponential-time Branch-and-Bound (BB) based algorithm where the nodes are pruned with problem specific lower and upper bounds. We also provide two BB-based heuristic approaches limiting the number of branches generated from a BB-node, and a relay criterion based lower complexity heuristic algorithm. The proposed algorithms are demonstrated to outperform conventional harvest-then-cooperate approaches with up to 87% lower schedule length for various network settings with at least 7.88 times higher algorithm runtime.