Solar-light-driven photocatalytic hydrogen evolution activity of gCN/WS2 heterojunctions incorporated with the first-row transition metals

Abstract

The design of semiconductor-based heterojunctions is an effective strategy to build highly active photocatalyst systems. In this study, tungsten disulfide (WS2) modified graphitic carbon nitride (gCN) heterojunction (gCN/WS2) is incorporated with Co and Ni (gCN/WS2-Co and gCN/WS2-Ni) to enhance the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity of gCN/WS2 via performing a chemical reduction method and characterized by advanced analytical techniques. The photocatalytic HER activities of gCN, gCN/WS2, gCN/WS2-Ni and gCN/WS2-Co were measured as 0.126, 0.221, 0.237 and 0.249 mmol g−1h−1, respectively, under the visible light irradiation. The improvement of photocatalytic activity and stability of gCN/WS2-Ni and gCN/WS2-Co nanocomposites could be attributed to the 2D/2D heterojunction structure, extended light harvesting ability, increased electron-hole lifetime and decreased recombination rate of the charge carriers. Moreover, mechanistic studies revealed that a S-scheme heterojunction is attributed to the enhanced photocatalytic HER by the gCN/WS2-Ni and gCN/WS2-Co photocatalysts, which provides promoted efficiency by photocarrier transfer and separation.