Long-term results of scapulothoracic arthrodesis with multiple cable method for facioscapulohumeral dystrophy do the results deteriorate over time?

Abstract

Aims: The present study aimed to investigate the long-term functional results of scapulothoracic fusion using multifilament cables in patients with facioscapulohumeral dystrophy (FSHD) to identify if the early improvement from this intervention is maintained. Patients and Methods: We retrospectively investigated the long-term outcomes of 13 patients with FSHD (18 shoulders) in whom scapulothoracic fusion using multifilament cables was performed between 2004 and 2007. These patients have previously been reported at a mean of 35.5 months (24 to 87). There were eight men and five women with a mean age of 26 years. Their mean length of follow-up of our current study was 128 months (94 to 185). To evaluate long-term functional results, the range of shoulder flexion and abduction, Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (QuickDASH) scores were analyzed with a comparison of preoperatively, interim and at the final outcomes. The fusion was examined radiographically in all. Results: The complication rate was 33% (six of 18 scapulothoracic fusions) in 13 patients, which comprised failure of fusion in four shoulders (four patients) all occurring within the first year postoperatively. In two shoulders (one patient) wound problems arose due to attribution from the cables which required shortening but the fusion developed satisfactorily. At the final examination, the mean QuickDASH score and range of movement significantly improved in all but one patient (p < 0.001, p < 0.001 and p < 0.001). In the comparison of 13 patients' mid-and long-term results, the mean QuickDASH score decreased from 9.8 (SD 6.7; 3 to 26) in the third year to 9.1 (SD 5.6; 3 to 22) in the tenth year (p = 0.7); the mean range of shoulder flexion and abduction decreased from 129 degrees (SD 22 degrees; 90 degrees to 160 degrees) and 124 degrees (SD 12; 100 degrees to 150 degrees) at the mid-term to 103 degrees (SD 12 degrees; 80 degrees to 120 degrees) and 101 degrees (SD 8 degrees; 80 degrees to 120 degrees) at the long-term, respectively (p = 0.78 and p = 0.65). Conclusion: Scapulothoracic fusion using a multiple cabling method can confer a considerable improvement in clinical and functional outcomes for most patients with FSHD after a long follow-up period. The technique requires careful execution to avoid complications.