Understanding the research needs and educational methods of surgeons to help guide future Spine Deformity research: a survey of AO Spine members

Abstract

Study Design Cross-sectional survey. Objective Outcomes research has significantly shaped patient management in spine deformity care, while the dissemination of research remains a challenge. To guide future research directions, this study surveyed AO Spine members to identify the research needs, dissemination methods, and existing knowledge gaps. Methods An anonymous, English-language survey containing 40 questions explored knowledge gaps, research priorities, and knowledge translation practices. Distributed via email to AO Spine members globally, the questionnaire collected responses from March 20 to April 14, 2025. Results 399 responses were received from mostly orthopedic surgeons, 28% from Asia Pacific, 27% from Europe and South Africa, 18% from Latin America, 16% from North America, and 11% from the Middle East and North Africa. Of the 279 respondents focused on deformity surgery, most utilized classification tools, clinical guidelines, and multicenter study findings for decision-making. However, over half were unaware of past Knowledge Forum Deformity resources, indicating a dissemination gap. Key sources of information were publications, conferences, and AO Spine courses. Major barriers to implementing new tools included workflow integration and administrative challenges. Top research priorities were the development of diagnostic and treatment guidelines (71%) and prediction algorithms (69%). Prominent knowledge gaps included proximal junctional kyphosis (PJK) (69%), spinal alignment guidelines (54%), and osteoporosis management (52%). Conclusion The survey highlights PJK, spinal alignment, and osteoporosis as the leading knowledge gaps. Priorities for future research include developing guidelines and prediction tools. Improved dissemination strategies are needed to enhance clinical adoption and inform ongoing research and education initiatives.