Numerical investigation of volute tongue design on hemodynamic characteristics and hemolysis of the centrifugal blood pump

Abstract

We present a detailed study of a three-level quantum heat engine operating at maximum efficient power function, a trade-off objective function defined by the product of the efficiency and power output of the engine. The efficient power function represents a trade-off between the power output and efficiency of a heat engine. Engines working in the maximum efficient power regime operate at finite power, with finite efficiency lying in between the regimes of maximum power and maximum efficiency (Carnot efficiency). First, for near-equilibrium conditions, we find a general expression for the efficiency and establish the universal nature of efficiency at maximum power and maximum efficient power. Then in the high-temperature limit, optimizing with respect to one parameter while constraining the other one, we obtain the lower and upper bounds on the efficiency for both strong as well as weak matter-field coupling conditions. Except for the weak matter-field coupling condition, the obtained bounds on the efficiency exactly match with the bounds already known for some models of classical heat engines. Further for weak matter-field coupling, we derive some new bounds on the efficiency of the engine which lie beyond the range covered by bounds obtained for strong matter-field coupling. We conclude by comparing the performance of our three-level quantum heat engine in maximum power and maximum efficient power regimes and show that the engine operating at maximum efficient power produces at least 88.89% of the maximum power output while considerably reducing the power loss due to entropy production. Finally, to complete our analysis, we review the experimental setup of a recently realized effective three-level quantum engine.