Metabolically healthy obesity and chronic kidney disease risk: exploring the dynamics

Abstract

Obesity represents a prevalent global health concern with significant implications for various diseases, including chronic kidney disease (CKD) Within this landscape, the phenomenon of metabolically healthy obesity has emerged, challenging traditional notions about the health risks as sociated with excess weight. While traditional CKD risk factors involve obesity, metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and hypertension, the metaboli cally healthy obese (MHO) subgroup disrupts these assumptions. Our main objective in this study is to integrate existing literature on CKD i MHO individuals. In this endeavor, we delve into the pathophysiological foundations, the transition between obesity phenotypes and their impac on renal health, examine the implications of their metabolic resilience on mortality within a renal context, and explore potential managemen strategies specifically designed for MHO individuals. Offering a comprehensive overview of the pathophysiology, we cover various factor contributing to the risk of CKD in the metabolically healthy obese setting, including inflammation, cytokines, hemodynamics, and the renin angiotensin-aldosterone system, gastrointestinal microbiota, diet, exercise, adipose distribution, and lipotoxicity. Through this synthesis, we aim to provide a comprehensive understanding of the risk of CKD in those classified as MHO. © 2024 EDIZIONI MINERVA MEDICA.