Challenges of the nose-to-brain route

Abstract

The main goal for investigating new techniques for brain drug delivery is to improve and/or elevate treatment outcomes. Targeted nose-to-brain delivery is a potential noninvasive drug delivery technique with many benefits, such as optimized drug distribution, reduced side effects, and improved patient compliance. Despite the fact that transport mechanism of drugs administered nasally are not fully understood, this pathway is still under investigation by many research groups to optimize the search for evidence and/or improve the direct nose-to-brain route. The most important challenges are translating study designs and obtaining data. Furthermore, the low drug uptake by the brain and environmental tissues in the nasal cavity is an issue that needs to be overcome by the utilization of nanotechnology-based techniques, which incorporate drugs in nanoparticles and or other drug delivery systems.