The therapeutic potential and efficiency of intracerebroventricular transplantation and intravenous injection of mesenchymal stem cells in relieving a beta hallmarks and improving cognitive dysfunction in ad induced model

Abstract

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been considered a long-lasting, devastating public health concern due to a high folding increase in global aging percentage worldwide. Different approaches have been confined to cut down this high percentage of neurodegenerative disorder due to a lack of successful, efficient strategic protocol for AD treatment. One of these approaches is the transplantation or injection of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) due to their neuromodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant actions. Aim: To elucidate and determine whether intravenous (IV) or intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration of MSCs is the most efficient and successful method in engulfing amyloid-beta plaques and improving cognitive defects. Material and methods: The efficiency of MSCs was investigated on lipopolysaccharides (LPS) AD-induced rats. Thirty-two rats were randomly divided equally into four groups identified as a control group (C/G1), AD-induced group (AD/G2), intravenous AD-induced group (IV/G3), and ICV AD-induced group (ICV/G4). Amyloid-beta, tau protein, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin (IL-10) were detected using the ELISA technique while MDA and GSH brain tissue level were detected colorimetry. Results: The histopathological examination of different brain tissues demonstrated the presence of A beta plaques following LPS induction. Administration of both types of MSCs into AD-induced rats resulted in a significant decrease in the brain's hallmarks depositions, oxidative stress, and inflammatory factors with different degrees and efficiency. Conclusion: The present study indicates the efficiency of both types of MSCs administration in improving AD subjects' cognitive defects with a more relevant efficiency following ICV administration, considering the risk to benefits ratio before taking inaction treatment initiation.