Novel electrochemical approaches for anticancer drug monitoring: application of CoS@nitrogen-doped amorphous porous carbon composite in nilotinib detection

Abstract

A novel composite containing CoS and nitrogen-doped amorphous porous carbon (NAPC), denoted as CoS@NAPC, was successfully synthesized from a mixture of cobalt-based ZIF-12 and sulfur through one-pot pyrolysis. The morphology and microstructure of the composites are evaluated with appropriate spectroscopic techniques. CoS@NAPC was used to modify the glassy carbon electrode (GCE) to detect Nilotinib. Under optimized conditions, the GCE electrode modified with CoS@NAPC showed a low limit of detection (LOD) of 11.8 ng/mL and two wide linear concentration ranges of 59.7-1570 and 1570-11200 ng/mL for the determination of Nilotinib. GCE electrode modified with CoS@NAPC has excellent recoveries ranging from 98.41 to 102.03% for real samples, demonstrating its superior analytical performance. The enhanced performance of CoS@NAPC as an electrochemical sensor may stem from the combined action of two key components: CoS, known for its potent reactivity toward Nilotinib, and NAPC, which offers a consistent conductive carbon matrix. CoS contributes to its reactivity, while NAPC facilitates electron transfer during Nilotinib detection. This synergistic effect likely underlies the superior sensor performance observed.