Prevalence of T-shaped uterus among fertile women based on ESHRE/ESGE and Congenital Uterine Malformation by Experts (CUME) criteria

Abstract

Research Question: What is the prevalence of T-shaped uteri among fertile women based on ESHRE/ESGE and Congenital Uterine Malformation by Experts (CUME) criteria? Design: A prospective cohort study of 258 women of reproductive age with a history of at least one natural pregnancy resulting in live birth. Participants were recruited from the family planning clinic between January 2018 and March 2020. The ESHRE/ESGE classification of congenital anomalies of the female genital tract was used for describing abnormal findings. CUME criteria were also used for diagnosing T-shaped uterus. Uterine cavity volume was measured. Results: Mean age of participants was 35.4 +/- 6.2 years. Participants were diagnosed with the following: congenital uterine abnormality (n = 9 [3.6%]); partial septate uterus (n = 5 [2.0%]) and hemiuterus (n = 2 [0.8%]). Two women (0.8%) were diagnosed with T-shaped uterus and borderline T-shaped uterus based on the ESHRE/ESGE criteria and CUME. Mean lateral indentation angle, lateral indentation depth and T-angle were 156.2 degrees +/- 9.53 degrees, 2.85 +/- 0.93 mm and 73.3 degrees +/- 9.85 degrees in patients with normal uterine cavity. In patients with T-shaped and borderline T-shaped uteri, respective figures were 115 degrees versus 121 degrees, 10 mm versus 76 mm and 275 degrees versus 70 degrees. Median volume of the uterine cavity in patients with normal uterine cavity and T-shaped uterus was 3.71 ml (minimum 2.0 to maximum 9.03 ml, interquartile range 1.93) and 3.2 ml (2.9 and 3.62 ml), respectively. Conclusions: The prevalence of T-shaped uteri in fertile women is low, which corresponds to previous reports of women with poor reproductive history.