Imported intermediate goods and product innovation

Abstract

We build a structural model of multi-product firms to illustrate how access to foreign intermediate goods contributes to product innovation. We establish a stochastic dynamic model of firm evolution and allow firms to be heterogeneous in their efficiency levels. The model's mechanism to capture the effects of importing intermediate goods is twofold: (i) importing these goods increases the revenue per each product introduced, and (ii) increases the likelihood of introducing new varieties using newly available inputs. We calibrate the model to firm-level data from India. The model successfully explains the heterogeneous innovation dynamics and statistical moments related to importing and product distribution. Counterfactual exercises further illustrate and quantify the mechanism between trade, innovation performance, and product growth. We find that the critical contribution of trade to growth and product innovation is mainly through access to new imported varieties rather than just the direct import cost. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.