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Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14288/3

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Department: search.filters.department.Department of PsychologySubject: search.filters.subject.Social sciences

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Now showing 1 - 10 of 21
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    Development and preliminary validation of the PrEP empowerment scale
    (Springer/Plenum Publishers, 2023) Crockett, Kaylee B.; Batey, D. Scott; Department of Psychology; Turan, Bülent; Department of Psychology; College of Social Sciences and Humanities
    Informed by the Health Care Empowerment Model, a measure of PrEP Empowerment was developed and assessed for preliminary reliability and validity. Participants (N = 100) were invited to complete a survey during regular clinic visits. A subset (n = 84) volunteered to provide blood samples to assess plasma tenofovir (TFV) levels for recent PrEP adherence. A five-factor measure explained 70% of the total variance. Associations with internalized PrEP stigma, PrEP adherence self-efficacy, and plasma TFV were assessed. Results supported the multidimensional nature of PrEP Empowerment and reliability and validity. Additional research is needed in populations with varying PrEP experience and greater gender and ethnic representation.
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    The relationship between HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis stigma and treatment adherence among current HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis users in the Southeastern US
    (Springer, 2023) Van Gerwen, Olivia T.; Yigit, Ibrahim; Crockett, Kaylee B.; Department of Psychology; Turan, Bülent; Department of Psychology; College of Social Sciences and Humanities
    Despite efficacy in HIV prevention, Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) is underutilized in the US, especially among populations at highest risk. PrEP-related stigma may play a role. We developed measures of PrEP-related stigma dimensions and PrEP adherence. We administered them to current PrEP users. We hypothesized that PrEP-related stigma would negatively impact PrEP adherence. Questionnaire measures were developed using data from previous qualitative work and existing validated HIV-related stigma measures. The resultant survey was administered to current PrEP users from two Birmingham, Alabama PrEP clinics. Plasma tenofovir disoproxil fumarate levels were collected to measure PrEP adherence. Exploratory factor analyses were performed to determine the factor structure of each PrEP-related stigma dimension (internalized, perceived, experienced, anticipated, disclosure concerns). Separate binary logistic (or linear) regressions were performed to assess associations between PrEP-related stigma dimensions and adherence (treatment adherence self-efficacy, self-reported adherence, and plasma tenofovir levels), adjusting for education, race, and time on PrEP. In 2018, 100 participants completed the survey, with 91 identifying as male and 66 as white. Only internalized stigma was associated with lower self-reported PrEP adherence. Exploratory mediation analyses suggested that the association between all stigma dimensions and self-reported PrEP adherence is mediated by PrEP adherence self-efficacy. No associations were found between any PrEP-related stigma measures and plasma tenofovir levels. Internalized PrEP stigma may reduce PrEP adherence, possibly by reducing PrEP adherence self-efficacy among experienced PrEP users. Further investigation of how stigma dimensions affect PrEP adherence in populations at risk for HIV may shed light on drivers of PrEP underutilization.
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    Introduction to "acculturation theory, research and application: working with and for communities"
    (Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2010) Ward, Colleen; Department of Psychology; Kağıtçıbaşı, Çiğdem; Faculty Member; Department of Psychology; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; N/A
    The paper counters the claim that current acculturation research has very little practical utility and provides an overview of the special issue on “Acculturation Theory, Research and Application: Working with and for Communities.” The overview indicates that community-based research is widespread and that although it is characterized by a diversity of locations, populations and investigative methods, the studies share common objectives of empowering acculturating individuals and communities, enhancing social integration and psychological well being, and improving interpersonal and intergroup relations.
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    Living with hiv during COVID-19: knowledge and worry about COVID-19, adherence to COVID-19-related precautions, and hiv health outcomes
    (Taylor & Francis, 2023) Nemli, Salih Atakan; Yigit, Ibrahim; Agrali, Burcu; Gokengin, Deniz; Department of Psychology; Turan, Bülent; Faculty Member; Department of Psychology; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; 219712
    The COVID-19 pandemic has been profound impacts on mental and physical health of individuals with chronic diseases. Thus, it is important to understand the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on people living with HIV. We aimed to assess the association between COVID-19-related knowledge and worry, HIV-related health practices and outcomes, and adherence to precautions related to COVID-19, and possible associations of these factors with HIV treatment outcomes (ART adherence and viral load). A cross-sectional survey was conducted between October 2020 and February 2021 among 291 PLWH at two large university hospital HIV clinics in Izmir, Turkey. Additionally, the most recent HIV-RNA load, CD4 count was recorded using medical records. Logistic regression analyses were performed to determine predictors of self-reported adherence to COVID-19-related precautions, ART adherence and undetectable viral load. COVID-19-related worry, COVID-19-related knowledge, and ART adherence were significant predictors of adherence to COVID-19-related precautions. Furthermore, adherence to COVID-19-related precautions was a significant predictor of both ART adherence and undetectable viral load. Findings provide a unique aspect of the interrelations of COVID and living with HIV. Since health behaviors and outcomes for COVID-19 and HIV seem to be interrelated, treatment practices and interventions that address these simultaneously may enhance their efficacy.
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    Traumatic experiences, acculturation, and psychological distress among Syrian refugees in Turkey: the mediating role of coping strategies
    (Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2021) Acar, İbrahim Hakkı; Yurtbakan, Taylan; Uygun, Ersin; Department of Psychology; N/A; N/A; Department of Psychology; Kurt, Gülşah; İlkkurşun, Zeynep; Acar, Büşra; Acartürk, Ceren; Teaching Faculty; Master Student; PhD Student; Faculty Member; Department of Psychology; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; Graduate School of Social Sciences and Humanities; Graduate School of Social Sciences and Humanities; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; N/A; N/A; N/A; 39271
    Turkey hosts the largest number of refugees in the world. So far, many studies investigated the mental health problems among Syrian refugees in Turkey and other hosting countries. However, little attention has been paid to the acculturation process of Syrian refugees in Turkey. A crosssectional study was conducted with 409 Syrian refugees in Mardin, Turkey. Results showed that traumatic experiences depleted problem-focused, emotion-focused, and maladaptive coping strategies. Emotion-focused coping strategies mediated the relationship between traumatic experiences and maintenance of the heritage culture and adoption of the destination culture. To conclude, our findings underscore the importance of traumatic experiences and emotion-focused coping strategies for integration of Syrian refugees in Turkey. Psychosocial interventions enhancing emotion-focused coping capacities might mitigate the adverse impact of traumatic experiences on integration. We discussed the strengths and limitations of the study considering the current literature.
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    Changing life styles - changing competencies: Turkish migrant youth in Europe
    (Gesis Leibniz Inst Social Sciences, 2010) N/A; Department of Psychology; Kağıtçıbaşı, Çiğdem; Faculty Member; Department of Psychology; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; N/A
    Veranderte Lebensstile - Veranderte Kompetenzen: Turkische Migrationsjugendliche in Europa. This paper examines the plight of Turkish migrant youth in Europe particularly as migration involves social change in terms of changing life styles which require changing competencies. For the migrant youth to be assets, rather than problems, for the receiving society, their full integration into society should be ensured. This requires the enhancement of their cognitive competence and psycho-social development involving the autonomous-related self. Drawing parallels between rural to urban migration and international migration with regard to the experienced social change, the Turkish Early Enrichment Project (TEEP) is taken up as a case in point. TEEP showed that early childhood enrichment through supporting the mothers among rural to urban migrants in Istanbul, Turkey was beneficial for both the cognitive competence and the psycho-social development of their children. The gains were found to be sustained into young adulthood. Similar programs of intervention and support would be highly beneficial for ethnic migrants in Europe, particularly for Turkish-German youth, given the fact that they tend to do poorly in school. Immigrants' positive youth development, involving the enhancement of autonomous-related self, cognitive competence, psychological and socio-cultural adaptation, promises to provide far reaching benefits to the receiving societies, as well.
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    Examining cross-cultural relationships between meaning in life and psychological well-being in Turkey and the United States
    (Springer, 2021) Fischer, Ian C.; Secinti, Ekin; Rand, Kevin L.; Department of Psychology; Cemalcılar, Zeynep; Faculty Member; Department of Psychology; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; 40374
    This study explored the extent to which meaning in life (i.e., presence and search) relates to different aspects of psychological well-being in American and Turkish students. It also assessed whether presence of meaning moderated the relationship between search for meaning and psychological well-being. American (N =377) and Turkish (N =225) undergraduates completed demographics and self-report measures. Simple and moderated moderation analyses were conducted. In both samples, presence and search were negatively associated. In addition, presence of meaning was positively associated with measures of psychological well-being, while search was negatively associated. Presence of meaning buffered the relationship between search for meaning and psychological well-being, but only in the Turkish sample. American and Turkish undergraduates may typically search for meaning when presence of meaning is low. Presence of meaning appears to be adaptive across these two cultures, whereas search for meaning appears to be culturally-specific and may produce differential effects on psychological well-being.
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    Informing design decisions for advice mediating handheld devices by studying coffee cup reading
    (Assoc Computing Machinery, 2016) N/A; Department of Psychology; Department of Psychology; Department of Media and Visual Arts; Börütecene, Ahmet; Bostan, İdil; Göksun, Tilbe; Özcan, Oğuzhan; PhD Student; Undergraduate Student; Faculty Member; Faculty Member; Department of Psychology; Department of Media and Visual Arts; Graduate School of Social Sciences and Humanities; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; N/A; N/A; 47278; 12532
    Several studies have been made on advice encounters supported by tabletop displays, yet the potential of handheld devices in enhancing advice interaction still remains open to research. As an attempt to fill this gap in the literature, we chose Turkish coffee fortune-telling, as it is a centuries-old practice of giving advice that is based on the use of a cup and saucer. We organized sessions with 34 fortune-tellers and analyzed their verbal and non-verbal interaction during advice instances. Our analysis resulted in 7 preliminary design considerations: single-hand interaction, beat gestures to augment advice messages, body as a reference point, different ways of sharing information, manipulating objects to soften advice messages, multiple advisor profiles and regulating gaze interaction. To see how these considerations would be employed in practice, we organized a participatory design workshop which yielded 6 handheld device concepts that proposed stimulating mechanisms for advice interaction.
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    Speed accuracy trade-off under response deadlines
    (Frontiers, 2014) Simen, Patrick; Papadakis, Samantha; N/A; Department of Psychology; Karşılar, Hakan; Balcı, Fuat; PhD Student; Faculty Member; Department of Psychology; Graduate School of Social Sciences and Humanities; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; 291441; 51269
    Perceptual decision making has been successfully modeled as a process of evidence accumulation up to a threshold. In order to maximize the rewards earned for correct responses in tasks with response deadlines, participants should collapse decision thresholds dynamically during each trial so that a decision is reached before the deadline. This strategy ensures on-time responding, though at the cost of reduced accuracy, since slower decisions are based on lower thresholds and less net evidence later in a trial (compared to a constant threshold). Frazier & Yu (2008) showed that the normative rate of threshold reduction depends on deadline delays and on participants' uncertainty about these delays. Participants should start collapsing decision thresholds earlier when making decisions under shorter deadlines (for a given level of timing uncertainty) or when timing uncertainty is higher (for a given deadline). We tested these predictions using human participants in a random dot motion discrimination task. Each participant was tested in free-response, short deadline (800 ms), and long deadline conditions (1000 ms). Contrary to optimal-performance predictions, the resulting empirical function relating accuracy to response time (RT) in deadline conditions did not decline to chance level near the deadline; nor did the slight decline we typically observed relate to measures of endogenous timing uncertainty. Further, although this function did decline slightly with increasing RT, the decline was explainable by the best-fitting parameterization of Ratcliff's diffusion model (Ratcliff, 1978), whose parameters are constant within trials. Our findings suggest that at the very least, typical decision durations are too short for participants to adapt decision parameters within trials.
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    Gendered intergenerational transmission of work values? A country comparison
    (Sage, 2019) Jensen, Carsten; Tosun, Jale; Department of Psychology; Cemalcılar, Zeynep; Faculty Member; Department of Psychology; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; 40374
    In this study, we examine two research questions: Are the work values of young people determined by the work values of their parents? Is the transmission of work values conditioned by the young adults' gender? We use original survey data for respondents aged 18-35 and their parents in Denmark, Germany, Turkey, and the UK to explore these questions. Our findings reveal a robust pattern: in all four countries and for all four types of work values we measure, young adults' work values are strongly influenced by their parents' work values. We also find a gender effect among German respondents: work plays a more central role in the lives of young men than in the lives of young women. Gender helps to explain attitudes toward female labor force participation in all of the countries we studied, and we find no evidence that gender conditions the effect of the intergenerational transmission of work values except for in the UK, where gender does condition the effect of family attitudes on young peoples' extrinsic work values and their views on work centrality.