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Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14288/3
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Publication Metadata only Governance crises and resilience of authoritarian populism: 2023 Turkish elections from the perspective of hirschman's 'exit, voice, and loyalty'(Routledge Journals, Taylor and Francis Ltd, 2024) Kutlay, Mustafa; Department of International Relations; Öniş, Ziya; Department of International Relations; College of Administrative Sciences and EconomicsThe May 2023 elections in Turkey are puzzling because public support for President Erdogan did not erode despite political-economic failures of considerable magnitude. The economy was ailing, the government's performance in containing natural disasters was dismal, and oscillations in foreign policy were perplexing. Yet, Erdogan managed to win elections once again, giving him the mandate to continue ruling the country over the next five years. What explains this political outcome in the face of 'multiple governance crises'? We adopt Albert O. Hirschman's 'exit, voice, and loyalty' framework to explain the multiple but interrelated sources of the resilience of authoritarian populism in Turkey. We suggest the 'exit, voice, and loyalty' equilibrium in the 2023 Turkish elections requires an integrated analysis along two dimensions, each interacting with and mutually reinforcing the other: the economy-identity nexus and the domestic-external nexus.Publication Metadata only Ontological insecurity and the return of the Greek-Turkish conflicts: reconfiguring Hagia Sophia as an ontic space(Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2024) Sofuoğlu, Nasuh; Department of International Relations; Rumelili, Bahar; Department of International Relations; College of Administrative Sciences and EconomicsThis article locates the rising tensions between Greece and Turkey in the milieu of increasing ontological insecurity in the European periphery. Building on the growing literature on ontological security in IR, we argue that the dissipation of Europe as a framework of meaning and identity in the European periphery has generated ontological insecurity-a state of general anxiety which stems from the disruption of self-narratives-on part of the actors concerned. Following a decade and a half of rapprochement within the framework of Turkey's EU membership bid, this ontological insecurity has created a longing for a return to the established conflict narratives and antagonistic identity constructions in Greece and Turkey. We show the linkage between ontological insecurity and the escalation of disputes by tracing the political and societal discourses surrounding the reconversion of Hagia Sophia in Istanbul from a museum back to a mosque.Publication Metadata only Energy, environment and geopolitics in Eurasia: search for security in the water-energy-food nexus(Taylor and Francis, 2023) Graham, Norman A.; Department of International Relations; Yılmaz, Şuhnaz Özbağcı; Department of International Relations; College of Administrative Sciences and EconomicsThis book advances our understanding of security and its intricate interactions with geopolitics and the environment in Eurasia. Norman A. Graham and Şuhnaz Yılmaz focus on Eurasia, where the energy-water-food nexus has emerged as a vital aspect of political economy and increasinglyas a decisive factor for human security. As clearly revealed during the Russian invasion of Ukraine, this nexus rests on a precarious balance. Graham and Yilmaz argue that Central Eurasia is currently “Running on Empty” and highlight the key environmental challenges, including water quantity and quality and food security. The authors draw on their extensive fieldwork in countries including Azerbaijan, China, Georgia, Kazakhstan, the Russian Federation, Turkey, and Uzbekistan to assess the interests and impact of pivotal actors and evaluate the competition and complementarities of these actors regarding water, energy, food security, and foreign policy imperatives. They also examine the broader interaction and implications of security at multiple levels by analyzing the local, national, and international factors in light of geopolitical and environmental challenges. Taking a novel and highly interdisciplinary approach, this book will be an important resource for students and scholars of energy and food security, political economy, international conflict and cooperation, and natural resource politics. © 2024 Norman A. Graham and Şuhnaz Yılmaz.Publication Metadata only Strategic alignments and balancing of threats: military and political alliances in the South Caucasus (1991–2021)(Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2022) Ismayil, Elnur; Department of International Relations; Yılmaz, Şuhnaz Özbağcı; Faculty Member; Department of International Relations; College of Administrative Sciences and Economics; 46805With the demise of the Soviet Union, the South Caucasus has turned into a powder keg for Eurasia with rising nationalism and erupting ethnic conflicts. This study explores the complex factors shaping political and military alliance formation by focusing on the South Caucasus. The article argues that the strategic alliances of regional and external powers mainly target to balance threats. The study demonstrates that each country in the region seeks to counterbalance its rival's ambitions and to secure its existence by allying with strong regional or external powers. It argues, however, that there are also cases of strategic compartmentalization, particularly due to extensive energy ties, which cuts across traditional alliance patterns. In this context, the paper also analyses the implications of the Second Karabakh War.Publication Metadata only Emerging partnership in a post-western world? the political economy of China-Turkey relations(Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2021) N/A; Department of International Relations; N/A; Öniş, Ziya; Yalikun, Maimaiti; Faculty Member; PhD Student; Department of International Relations; College of Administrative Sciences and Economics; Graduate School of Social Sciences and Humanities; 7715; N/AThe present paper aims to explain the newly found momentum in the China-Turkey relationship over the course of the past decade. Attention is given to two interlocking processes involving global dynamics and domestic politics in Turkey in a rapidly shifting international context. At the global level, significant power shifts away from the West and the growing global reach and assertiveness of China during the Xi Jinping era have played an important role. At the domestic level, profound power shifts and attempts to consolidate a new and yet fragile political-economic model associated with a highly centralized and authoritarian presidential system have emerged as crucial factors. Our central point is that the China-Turkey partnership embodies an important political dimension that goes beyond a narrow economic partnership. Given the inherently political nature of the relationship, the future path of the China-Turkey partnership will depend crucially on Turkey's domestic political trajectory over the next decade.Publication Metadata only Afghan migration through Turkey to Europe: seeking refuge, forming diaspora, and becoming citizens(Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2018) N/A; Department of International Relations; N/A; İçduygu, Ahmet; Karadağ, Sibel; Faculty Member; Researcher; Department of International Relations; Migration Research Program at Koç University (MIReKoç) / Göç Araştırmaları Uygulama ve Araştırma Merkezi (MIReKoç); College of Administrative Sciences and Economics; N/A; 207882; N/AThis paper aims to investigate the Afghan-Turkish-European region migration system in light of migration system theory, which provides a comprehensive framework by asking the question of how a set of linkages including some macro-, meso- and micro-level variables relate to the larger context of migratory settings. Relating the roles of various structures, institutions and networks to the operation of the social, political and economic relationships, it seeks to analyze the dynamics of Afghan migration heading to Turkey and Europe in a historically contextualized way. The paper argues that one must focus on the root causes of flows, which are related to the presence of fragility of the Afghan state together with the continuation of flows via networks enabling the maintenance of migrants' links to home, transit and destination countries.Publication Metadata only Revisiting the Britain-US-Turkey triangle during the transition from Pax Britannica to Pax Americana (1947-1957)(Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2020) Guvenc, Serhat; Department of History; Department of International Relations; Barlas, Dilek; Yılmaz, Şuhnaz Özbağcı; Faculty Member; Faculty Member; Department of History; Department of International Relations; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; College of Administrative Sciences and Economics; 4172; 46805This article analyses the triangular relations between Britain, the United States and Turkey in the volatile Middle East and Eastern Mediterranean region at the advent of the Cold War. It examines the political, economic and military strategies that enabled Turkey to adapt to the transitional period from the Pax Britannica to the Pax Americana (1947-1957) in the Middle East and the Eastern Mediterranean. By focusing on this turbulent decade extending from the Truman Doctrine (1947) to the Eisenhower Doctrine (1957), this study posits that the transition from the waning influence of Britain to the coalitional hegemony of the United States was protracted and multi-layered. In this context, Turkey had to walk a diplomatic tightrope while managing certain aspects of continuity and change in a volatile region.Publication Metadata only Understanding Turkey's democratic breakdown: old vs. new and indigenous vs. global authoritarianism(Taylor & Francis, 2016) Department of International Relations; Somer, Murat; Faculty Member; Department of International Relations; College of Administrative Sciences and Economics; 110135Turkey's authoritarian turn' in recent years indicates a democratic breakdown that can best be analysed by analytically distinguishing between two simultaneous developments. The first is the reproduction of Turkey's long-existing semi-democratic regime - which the article calls old authoritarianism - in a new historical and dominant political-ideological context and under an Islamist-leaning government. The second is the emergence of a new type of authoritarianism - dubbed new authoritarianism - that is in many respects unprecedented for Turkey, is in need of better comprehension and displays important parallels with contemporary troubles of democracy in the world. Focusing on political society and institutions is insufficient to adequately examine the emergent authoritarian regime, for example to identify it as a regime type, to explain its popular support and to foresee how durable and repressive, and to what extent party-based rather than personalistic, it may become. It is necessary to combine insights from the new political economy of welfare, transition and communication with those from political and institutional democratization. Doing so suggests that new authoritarianism generates a new kind of state-society relationship where, paradoxically, political power becomes simultaneously more particularistic, personalized and mass-based. Hence, new authoritarianism has democratizing potential, but can also become more oppressive than any other regime Turkey has previously experienced. Oscillation between these two outcomes is also possible.Publication Metadata only The politics of irregular migratory flows in the Mediterranean Basin: Economy, mobility and 'illegality'(Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2007) N/A; Department of International Relations; İçduygu, Ahmet; Faculty Member; Department of International Relations; College of Administrative Sciences and Economics; 207882Because of the irregular migration flows and use of irregular labour in their economies, most Mediterranean countries of southern Europe face administrative battles over the issue of so-called migration management. The main aim of this article is to elaborate how several countries of the northern Mediterranean Basin have experienced irregular migration flows in the past decade. Particular attention is devoted to the process ill which, when economies are in need of labour, international labour flows might be inevitable even if the related rhetoric and policies towards immigration are unsympathetic. This is debated here over the triad of economy, mobility and 'illegality'.Publication Metadata only Kins, distant workers, diasporas: constructing Turkey's transnational members abroad(Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2014) N/A; N/A; Aksel, Damla Bayraktar; PhD Student; Graduate School of Social Sciences and Humanities; 315549This paper analyzes the politics of the Turkish state about Turks abroad as a process of defining the status of and constructing the perceptions about its transnational members. Falling back on transnationalism and diaspora studies, it aims to bring together the policies of the Turkish state regarding emigrants and co-ethnics who have been stranded during the collapse of the empire from which the modern state emerged. From the point of view of the sending state/external homeland, it compares the different trajectories and policies which have been put in place during different periods, and traces the parallel actions which have been taken over the last two decades regarding both constellations. The paper also investigates the way in which the extra-territorial membership is constructed and definedby putting emphasis on its fluidity over time as a result of endogenous and exogenous factors.