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Department: search.filters.department.Department of MathematicsSubject: search.filters.subject.Psychiatry

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    PublicationOpen Access
    Morphometric differences in planum temporale in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder revealed by statistical analysis of labeled cortical depth maps
    (Frontiers, 2015) Ratnanather, J. Tilak; Cebron, Shannon; Postell, Elizabeth; Pisano, Dominic V.; Poynton, Clare B.; Crocker, Britni; Honeycutt, Nancy A.; Mahon, Pamela B.; Barta, Patrick E.; Department of Mathematics; Ceyhan, Elvan; Undergraduate Student; Faculty Member; Department of Mathematics; College of Sciences
    Differences in cortical thickness in the lateral temporal lobe, including the planum temporale (PT), have been reported in MRI studies of schizophrenia (SCZ) and bipolar disorder (BPD) patients. Most of these studies have used a single-valued global or local measure for thickness. However, additional and complementary information can be obtained by generating labeled cortical distance maps (LCDMs), which are distances of labeled gray matter (GM) voxels from the nearest point on the GM/white matter (WM) (inner) cortical surface. Statistical analyses of pooled and censored LCDM distances reveal subtle differences in PT between SCZ and BPD groups from data generated by Ratnanather et al. (Schizophrenia Research, https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2013.08.014). These results confirm that the left planum temporale (LPT) is more sensitive than the right PT in distinguishing between SCZ, BPD, and healthy controls. Also confirmed is a strong gender effect, with a thicker PT seen in males than in females. The differences between groups at smaller distances in the LPT revealed by pooled and censored LCDM analysis suggest that SCZ and BPD have different effects on the cortical mantle close to the GM/WM surface. This is consistent with reported subtle changes in the cortical mantle observed in post-mortem studies.
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    Reduced anterior cingulate gray matter volume and thickness in subjects with deficit schizophrenia
    (Elsevier, 2013) Takayanagi, Mizuho; Wentz, Jacqueline; Takayanagi, Yoichiro; Schretlen, David J.; Wang, Lei; Suzuki, Michio; Sawa, Akira; Barta, Patrick E.; Ratnanather, J. Tilak; Cascella, Nicola G.; Department of Mathematics; Ceyhan, Elvan; Faculty Member; Department of Mathematics; College of Sciences; N/A
    Background: Patients with deficit schizophrenia (D-SZ) differ from patients with the non-deficit form of schizophrenia (ND-SZ) in several aspects such as risk factors, neurobiological correlates, treatment response and clinical outcome. It has been debated if brain morphology could differentiate D-SZ from ND-SZ. Anterior cingulate gyrus (ACG) region regulates cognitive and emotional processing and past studies reported structural changes in this region in patients with SZ. Methods: 1.5-T 3D MRI scans were obtained from 18 D-SZ patients, 30 ND-SZ patients and 82 healthy controls (HCs). We used FreeSurfer-initalized labeled cortical distance mapping (FSLCDM) to measure ACG gray matter volume, cortical thickness, and area of the gray/white interface. Furthermore, cortical thickness was compared among the 3 groups using the pooled labeled cortical distance mapping (LCDM) method. Results: The ACG cortex of the D-SZ group was thinner than the ND-SZ group. Pooled LCDM demonstrated that the ACG cortex was bilaterally thinner in both the ND-SZ group and the D-SZ group compared with the control group. The right ACG gray matter volume was significantly reduced in D-SZ patients as compared with healthy controls (p = 0.005 Conclusion: Our data suggest that qualitative, categorical differences in neuroanatomy may distinguish between deficit and non-deficit subtypes of schizophrenia. (C) 2013 Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved.
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    The role of base excision repair in major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder
    (Elsevier, 2022) Küçüker, Mehmet Utku; Özerdem, Ayşegül; Cabello Arreola, Alejandra; Ho, Ada M. C.; Joseph, Boney; Webb, Lauren M.; Croarkin, Paul E.; Frye, Mark A.; Veldic, Marin; Department of Mathematics; Ceylan, Deniz; Faculty Member; Department of Mathematics; College of Sciences; 137755
    Background: In vivo and in vitro studies suggest that inflammation and oxidative damage may contribute to the pathogenesis of major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD). Imbalance between DNA damage and repair is an emerging research area examining pathophysiological mechanisms of these major mood disorders. This systematic review sought to review DNA repair enzymes, with emphasis on the base excision repair (BER), in mood disorders.Methods: We conducted a comprehensive literature search of Ovid MEDLINE (R) Epub Ahead of Print, Ovid MEDLINE (R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations, Ovid MEDLINE (R) Daily, EMBASE (1947), and PsycINFO for studies investigating the alterations in base excision repair in patients with MDD or BD.Results: A total of 1364 records were identified. 1352 records remained after duplicates were removed. 24 records were selected for full-text screening and a remaining 12 articles were included in the qualitative synthesis. SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) of several BER genes have been shown to be associated with MDD and BD. However, it was difficult to draw conclusions from BER gene expression studies due to conflicting findings and the small number of studies. Limitations: All studies were correlational so it was not possible to draw conclusions regarding causality.Conclusion: Future studies comparing DNA repair during the manic or depressive episode to remission will give us a better insight regarding the role of DNA repair in mood disorders. These alterations might be utilized as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers as well as measuring treatment response.