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    Carving the world for language: how neuroscientific research can enrich the study of first and second language learning
    (Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2014) George, Nathan R.; Hirsh-Pasek, Kathy; Golinkoff, Roberta Michnick; Department of Psychology; Göksun, Tilbe; Faculty Member; Department of Psychology; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; 47278
    Linguistics, psychology, and neuroscience all have rich histories in language research. Crosstalk among these disciplines, as realized in studies of phonology, is pivotal for understanding a fundamental challenge for first and second language learners (SLLs): learning verbs. Linguistic and behavioral research with monolinguals suggests that infants attend to foundational event components (e.g., path, manner). Language then heightens or dampens attention to these components as children map word to world in language-specific ways. Cross-linguistic differences in semantic organization also reveal sources of struggles for SLLs. We discuss how better integrating neuroscience into this literature can unlock additional mysteries of verb learning.
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    Cool, but understanding...experiencing cooler temperatures promotes perspective-taking performance
    (Elsevier, 2013) Sassenrath, Claudia; Sassanberg, Kai; Department of Psychology; Semin, Gün Refik; Researcher; Department of Psychology; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; N/A
    The current research examined the impact of temperature cues on perspective-taking. Individuals often start with their own point-of-view when taking another's perspective and thereby unintentionally project their own perspective onto others, which ultimately leads to egocentrically biased inferences of others' perspectives. Accordingly, perspective-taking is enhanced under conditions reducing this egocentric anchoring. In two studies, we show that perspective-taking is enhanced when participants are exposed to cooler rather than warmer temperature cues. Specifically, this is shown to be the case, because cooler temperatures reduce egocentric anchoring in perspective-taking (Study 2). Results are discussed with reference to the literature on (temperature) grounded cognition indicating a link between cold temperatures and social distance. Hence, whereas earlier research has shown that individuals feel more distant from each other when undergoing cooler thermal experiences, the present research suggests that this thermal experience prevents them from over-imputing their own perspectives onto others. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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    Determination of the plasma levels of growth arrest specific 6 in colon cancer patients
    (Marmara Univ, Inst Health Sciences, 2023) Tezcan, Songul; Izzettin, Fikret Vehbi; Ozakpinar, Ozlem Bingol; Atalay, Vafi; Uras, Fikriye; Yumuk, Perran Fulden; School of Medicine
    Objective: Growth arrest-specific 6 (GAS 6) has a role in cell proliferation and was detected in different cancer types. The aim of this study was to evaluate the plasma GAS 6 levels in colon cancer patients. Methods: This was a prospective study and conducted in a research and training hospital in Turkey. Thirty-three healthy volunteers were enrolled in the control group, thirty-three colon cancer patients who were diagnosed with colon cancer for the first time. Sociodemographic characteristics of participants were recorded. Blood samples of the control group were taken once a time. Patients' blood samples were taken before and one month after surgery. Results: There were no statistically significant differences between the sociodemographic characteristics of the two groups. The mean plasma GAS 6 levels in control were significantly higher than that of colon cancer patients (p<.0001). There is a statistically significant increase in GAS 6 values after surgery (p<.0001). Conclusion: It was observed that plasma GAS 6 levels of the patients were lower than the control group and were elevated after surgery. We think that our study will contribute to the literature in addition to studies showing that GAS 6 levels may be associated with survival and prognosis in different cancer types.
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    Dynapenic abdominal obesity and metabolic health in non-geriatric patients with obesity
    (Mary Ann Liebert Inc., 2023) Akbas, Feray; Atmaca, Hanife Usta; Dereli, Dilek Yazıcı; School of Medicine
    Background: Dynapenic abdominal obesity (DAO) is the combination of low muscle strength and high central adiposity, which can lead to functional and cardiometabolic impairments. Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between DAO and metabolic parameters in non-geriatric patients with obesity. Methods: All patients seen in the obesity outpatient clinic during a random month, along with 30 healthy individuals, were included in the study. Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), serum fasting blood glucose, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), insulin, and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels were measured. Muscle function tests were conducted. Hypertension and diabetes mellitus diagnoses were recorded. DAO was determined using handgrip strength and WC. Metabolic syndrome was defined based on International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria. Data were analyzed using SPSS. Results: A total of 106 individuals participated in the study, including 76 individuals with obesity as the case group and 30 healthy individuals as the control group. In the case group, BMI, WC, HC, and chair stand test results were higher compared to the control group. There was no significant difference between the case and control groups in terms of gait speed or handgrip test results. In the case group, 30 people (39.5%) had dynapenic obesity (DO), and in the control group, 8 people (26.7%) had DO. There was no significant difference in DO rates between the case and control groups. In the case group, the HbA1c level was higher in DO (+) group than DO (-) group. In the control group, DO (+) group had higher LDL and HbA1c level than DO (-) group. No significant difference was observed in other search parameters between the DO (+) and DO (-) groups in both the case and control groups. Conclusion: DAO is common among people with obesity and contributes to a poor prognosis, increased morbidity, and mortality. Therefore, including its treatment in the management of obesity is crucial for individuals of all age ranges.