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Publication Open Access A combined VBM and DTI study of schizophrenia: bilateral decreased insula volume and cerebral white matter disintegrity corresponding to subinsular white matter projections unlinked to clinical symptomatology(Aves, 2017) Ulaşoğlu-Yıldız, Çiğdem; Aslan, Selçuk; Talı, Erhan Turgut; N/A; N/A; Onay, Aslıhan; Eser, Hale Yapıcı; Faculty Member; School of Medicine; N/A; 134359PURPOSE: Grey matter and white matter changes within the brain are well defined in schizophrenia. However, most studies focused on either grey matter changes or white matter integrity separately; only in limited number of studies these changes were interpreted in the same frame. In addition, the relationship of these findings with clinical variables is not clearly established. Here, we aimed to investigate the grey matter and white matter changes in schizophrenia patients and exhibit the relation of these imaging findings with clinical variables. METHODS: A total of 20 schizophrenia patients and 16 matched healthy controls underwent magnetic resonance imaging to investigate the grey matter and white matter alterations that occur in schizophrenia patients using voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and whole brain voxel-wise analysis of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) parameters with SPM8, respectively. While the preprocessing steps ofVBM were performed with the default parameters of VBM8 toolbox, the preprocessing steps of DTI were carried out using FSL. Additionally, VBM results were correlated with clinical variables. RESULTS: Bilateral insula showed decreased grey matter volume in schizophrenia patients compared with healthy controls (P < 0.01). The opposite contrast did not show a significant difference. Psychiatric scores, duration of illness, and age were not correlated with the decreased grey matter volume of insula in schizophrenia patients. DTI analysis revealed a significant increase in mean, radial, and axial diffusivity, mainly of the fibers of bilateral anterior thalamic radiation and superior longitudinal fasciculus with left predominance, which intersected with bilateral subinsular white matter (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that insula may be the main affected brain region in schizophrenia, which is also well supported by the literature. Our results were independent of disease duration and schizophrenia symptoms. White matter alterations were observed within bilateral anterior thalamic radiation and superior longitudinal fasciculus that intersects with subinsular white matter. Studies with larger sample sizes and more detailed clinical assessments are required to understand the function of insula in the neurobiology of schizophrenia.
Publication Metadata only A study on the adaptation of the HIV/AIDS-related stigma scale into Turkish(Wiley, 2022) Bahar, Zuhal; Cal, Ayse; Cavusoglu, Figen; Deveci, Aydin; Badur, Selim; Bahar, Ismail Hakki; Beşer, Ayşe; Faculty Member; School of Nursing; 143490Purpose This study aims to test the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the HIV/AIDS-related Stigma Scale. Design and Methods The study has a methodological design. The sample included a total of 428 participants. of the participants, 198 were HIV/AIDS patients, 230 were HIV-negative individuals. The data were analyzed using the Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis. Findings The Turkish version of the HIV/AIDS-related Stigma Scale was found to be valid and reliable for the Turkish society. Cronbach's alpha was 0.93 for the community perspectives subscale and 0.89 for the patient perspectives subscale, and all the model fit indices were acceptable. Practice Implications The level of stigmatization revealed by the scale helps gain an insight into the community and patient perspectives on HIV/AIDS.Publication Metadata only Abnormal high-energy phosphate molecule metabolism during regional brain activation in patients with bipolar disorder(Nature Publishing Group (NPG), 2015) Yuksel, C.; Du, F.; Ravichandran, C.; Goldbach, J. R.; Thida, T.; Lin, P.; Gelda, J.; O'Connor, L.; Sehovic, S.; Gruber, S.; Ongur, D.; Cohen, B. M.; Department of Psychology; Department of Psychology; Dora, Begüm; PhD Student; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; N/AConverging evidence suggests bioenergetic abnormalities in bipolar disorder (BD). In the brain, phosphocreatine (PCr) acts a reservoir of high-energy phosphate (HEP) bonds, and creatine kinases (CK) catalyze the transfer of HEP from adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to PCr and from PCr back to ATP, at times of increased need. This study examined the activity of this mechanism in BD by measuring the levels of HEP molecules during a stimulus paradigm that increased local energy demand. Twenty-three patients diagnosed with BD-I and 22 healthy controls (HC) were included. Levels of phosphorus metabolites were measured at baseline and during visual stimulation in the occipital lobe using P-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 4T. Changes in metabolite levels showed different patterns between the groups. During stimulation, HC had significant reductions in PCr but not in ATP, as expected. In contrast, BD patients had significant reductions in ATP but not in PCr. In addition, PCr/ATP ratio was lower at baseline in patients, and there was a higher change in this measure during stimulation. This pattern suggests a disease-related failure to replenish ATP from PCr through CK enzyme catalysis during tissue activation. Further studies measuring the CK flux in BD are required to confirm and extend this finding.Publication Open Access Acute dissociative reaction to spontaneous delivery in a case of total denial of pregnancy: diagnostic and forensic aspects(Routledge, 2017) Aydın, N.; van der Hart, O.; Frankel, A.S.; Şar, M.; Omay, O.; N/A; Şar, Vedat; Faculty Member; School of Medicine; 8542This article presents the history of a 21-year-old female college student with total denial of pregnancy who experienced an acute dissociative reaction during the spontaneous delivery at home without medical assistance where the newborn died immediately. Psychiatric examination, self-report questionnaires, legal documents, and witness reports have been reviewed in evaluation of the case. Evidence pointed to total denial of pregnancy, that is, until delivery. The diagnoses of an acute dissociative reaction to stress (remitted) and a subsequent PTSD were established in a follow-up examination conducted 7months after the delivery. Notwithstanding the inherently dissociative nature of total denial of pregnancy, no other evidence has been found about pre-existing psychopathology. For causing the newborn's death, the patient faced charges for aggravated murder, which were later on reduced into involuntary manslaughter. Given the physical incapacity to perform voluntary acts due to the loss of control over her actions during the delivery, and the presence of an acute dissociative reaction to unexpected delivery, the legal case represents an intricate overlap between insanity and incapacitation defenses. The rather broad severity spectrum of acute dissociative conditions requires evaluation of the limits and conditions of appropriate legal defenses by mental health experts and lawyers. Denial of pregnancy as a source of potential stress has attracted little interest in psychiatric literature although solid research exists which documented that it is not infrequent. Arguments are presented to introduce this condition as a diagnostic category of female reproductive psychiatry with a more neutral label: unperceived pregnancy.Publication Open Access Adverse childhood experiences and global mental health: avenues to reduce the burden of child and adolescent mental disorders(Cambridge University Press (CUP), 2022) Ceccarelli, C.; Prina, E.; Muneghina, O.; Jordans, M.; Barker, E.; Miller, K.; Singh, R.; Sorsdhal, K.; Cuijpers, P.; Lund, C.; Barbui, C.; Purgato, M.; Department of Psychology; Department of Psychology; Acartürk, Ceren; Faculty Member; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; 39271Mental disorders are one of the largest contributors to the burden of disease globally, this holds also for children and adolescents, especially in low-and middle-income countries. The prevalence and severity of these disorders are influenced by social determinants, including exposure to adversity. When occurring early in life, these latter events are referred to as adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). In this editorial, we provide an overview of the literature on the role of ACEs as social determinants of mental health through the lenses of global mental health. While the relation between ACEs and mental health has been extensively explored, most research was centred in higher income contexts. We argue that findings from the realm of global mental health should be integrated into that of ACEs, e.g. through preventative and responsive psychosocial interventions for children, adolescents and their caregivers. The field of global mental health should also undertake active efforts to better address ACEs in its initiatives, all with the goal of reducing the burden of mental disorders among children and adolescents globally.Publication Open Access Adverse childhood experiences and global mental health: avenues to reduce the burden of child and adolescent mental disorders- Corrigendum (vol 31, E75, 2022)(Cambridge University Press (CUP), 2022) Ceccar, C.; Prina, E.; Muneghina, O.; Jordans, M.; Barker, E.; Miller, K.; Singh, R.; Sorsdhal, K.; Cuijpers, P.; Lund, C.; Barbui, C.; Purgato, M.; Department of Psychology; Department of Psychology; Acartürk, Ceren; Faculty Member; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; 39271Publication Open Access Alexithymia in nurses and its relationship with burnout, anger, and somatization(Kare Yayıncılık, 2020) Korkmaz, Ebru Konal; Kadıoğlu, Hasibe; Karaca, Semra; Telli, Sibel; Koç University HospitalObjectives: the aim of the study was to evaluate the alexithymia levels of nurses and the relationship between alexithymia and burnout, anger, and somatization. Methods: this correlational descriptive study was conducted with 339 nurses working in four training research hospitals between February 3 and 28, 2014. Data were collected using the Demographic Questionnaire, Toronto Alexithymia Scale, Maslach Burnout Inventory, State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory, and SCl-90 somatization subscale. The analysis of the data was performed using descriptive statistics, the Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and Spearman's correlation. Results: the mean age of the nurses participating in the research was 30.8±7.3, 91.2% were female, and 28.6% (n=97) had moderate alexithymia. The alexithymic nurses had higher burnout (p<0.05), öfke puanı (p><0.01) ve somatizasyon puan ortalamaları (p><0.01) aleksitimik olmayan hemşirelerden daha yüksektir. Aleksitimi ile tükenmişlik (r=0.18; p><0.01), öfke (r=0.34; p><0.01) ve somatizasyon (r=0.32 p><0.01) arasında pozitif bir ilişki olduğu saptanmıştır. Sonuç: Çalışma bulguları hemşirelerde aleksitimi düzeyinin yüksek olduğunu, aleksitimi puanı arttıkça tükenmişlik, öfke ve somatizasyon düzeylerinin de arttığını göstermiştir><0.05), anger (p<0.01) ve somatizasyon puan ortalamaları (p><0.01) aleksitimik olmayan hemşirelerden daha yüksektir. Aleksitimi ile tükenmişlik (r=0.18; p><0.01), öfke (r=0.34; p><0.01) ve somatizasyon (r=0.32 p><0.01) arasında pozitif bir ilişki olduğu saptanmıştır. Sonuç: Çalışma bulguları hemşirelerde aleksitimi düzeyinin yüksek olduğunu, aleksitimi puanı arttıkça tükenmişlik, öfke ve somatizasyon düzeylerinin de arttığını göstermiştir><0.01), and somatization (p<0.01) ve somatizasyon puan ortalamaları (p><0.01) aleksitimik olmayan hemşirelerden daha yüksektir. Aleksitimi ile tükenmişlik (r=0.18; p><0.01), öfke (r=0.34; p><0.01) ve somatizasyon (r=0.32 p><0.01) arasında pozitif bir ilişki olduğu saptanmıştır. Sonuç: Çalışma bulguları hemşirelerde aleksitimi düzeyinin yüksek olduğunu, aleksitimi puanı arttıkça tükenmişlik, öfke ve somatizasyon düzeylerinin de arttığını göstermiştir><0.01) scores than those who did not exhibit alexithymia. A positive weak relationship was found between the alexithymia scores and burnout (r=0.18; p<0.01) ve somatizasyon puan ortalamaları (p><0.01) aleksitimik olmayan hemşirelerden daha yüksektir. Aleksitimi ile tükenmişlik (r=0.18; p><0.01), öfke (r=0.34; p><0.01) ve somatizasyon (r=0.32 p><0.01) arasında pozitif bir ilişki olduğu saptanmıştır. Sonuç: Çalışma bulguları hemşirelerde aleksitimi düzeyinin yüksek olduğunu, aleksitimi puanı arttıkça tükenmişlik, öfke ve somatizasyon düzeylerinin de arttığını göstermiştir><0.01), anger (r=0.34; p<0.01) ve somatizasyon puan ortalamaları (p><0.01) aleksitimik olmayan hemşirelerden daha yüksektir. Aleksitimi ile tükenmişlik (r=0.18; p><0.01), öfke (r=0.34; p><0.01) ve somatizasyon (r=0.32 p><0.01) arasında pozitif bir ilişki olduğu saptanmıştır. Sonuç: Çalışma bulguları hemşirelerde aleksitimi düzeyinin yüksek olduğunu, aleksitimi puanı arttıkça tükenmişlik, öfke ve somatizasyon düzeylerinin de arttığını göstermiştir><0.01), and somatization (r=0.32; p<0.01) ve somatizasyon puan ortalamaları (p><0.01) aleksitimik olmayan hemşirelerden daha yüksektir. Aleksitimi ile tükenmişlik (r=0.18; p><0.01), öfke (r=0.34; p><0.01) ve somatizasyon (r=0.32 p><0.01) arasında pozitif bir ilişki olduğu saptanmıştır. Sonuç: Çalışma bulguları hemşirelerde aleksitimi düzeyinin yüksek olduğunu, aleksitimi puanı arttıkça tükenmişlik, öfke ve somatizasyon düzeylerinin de arttığını göstermiştir><0.01) scores. Conclusion: the findings of the study showed that the level of alexithymia in nurses was high and the level of burnout, anger, and somatization increased as the alexithymia score increased. / Amaç: bu çalışma hemşirelerin aleksitimi düzeylerini ve aleksitiminin tükenmişlik, öfke ve somatizasyon ile ilişkisini incelemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Gereç ve yöntem: ilişkisel tanımlayıcı tipte olan çalışma 3–28 Şubat 2014 tarihleri arasında, İstanbul Anadolu Kuzey Kamu Hastaneleri Birliğine bağlı tam teşekküllü dört eğitim ve araştırma hastanesinde çalışan hemşireler ile yürütülmüştür (n=339). Araştırma verileri “Kişisel Bilgi Formu”, “Toronto Aleksitimi Ölçeği”, “Maslach Tükenmişlik Ölçeği”, “Spielberger Sürekli Öfke ve Öfke İfade Tarzı Ölçeği” ve “SCl-90 Somatizasyon Alt Ölçeği” ile toplanmıştır. Verilerin değerlendirilmesinde tanımlayıcı istatistikler (ortalama, sayı, yüzde dağılımları) ve Kruskall Wallis testi, Mann-Whitney-U testi ve Spearman’s Korelasyon analizi kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: çalışmaya katılan hemşirelerin, yaş ortalamasının 30.8±7.3, %91.2’sinin kadın ve %28.6’sının orta düzeyde aleksitimik olduğu bulunmuştur. Aleksitimik hemşirelerin tükenmişlik puanı (p<0.05), öfke puanı (p><0.01) ve somatizasyon puan ortalamaları (p><0.01) aleksitimik olmayan hemşirelerden daha yüksektir. Aleksitimi ile tükenmişlik (r=0.18; p><0.01), öfke (r=0.34; p><0.01) ve somatizasyon (r=0.32 p><0.01) arasında pozitif bir ilişki olduğu saptanmıştır. Sonuç: Çalışma bulguları hemşirelerde aleksitimi düzeyinin yüksek olduğunu, aleksitimi puanı arttıkça tükenmişlik, öfke ve somatizasyon düzeylerinin de arttığını göstermiştir><0.05), öfke puanı (p<0.01) ve somatizasyon puan ortalamaları (p><0.01) aleksitimik olmayan hemşirelerden daha yüksektir. Aleksitimi ile tükenmişlik (r=0.18; p><0.01), öfke (r=0.34; p><0.01) ve somatizasyon (r=0.32 p><0.01) arasında pozitif bir ilişki olduğu saptanmıştır. Sonuç: Çalışma bulguları hemşirelerde aleksitimi düzeyinin yüksek olduğunu, aleksitimi puanı arttıkça tükenmişlik, öfke ve somatizasyon düzeylerinin de arttığını göstermiştir><0.01) ve somatizasyon puan ortalamaları (p<0.01) ve somatizasyon puan ortalamaları (p><0.01) aleksitimik olmayan hemşirelerden daha yüksektir. Aleksitimi ile tükenmişlik (r=0.18; p><0.01), öfke (r=0.34; p><0.01) ve somatizasyon (r=0.32 p><0.01) arasında pozitif bir ilişki olduğu saptanmıştır. Sonuç: Çalışma bulguları hemşirelerde aleksitimi düzeyinin yüksek olduğunu, aleksitimi puanı arttıkça tükenmişlik, öfke ve somatizasyon düzeylerinin de arttığını göstermiştir><0.01) aleksitimik olmayan hemşirelerden daha yüksektir. Aleksitimi ile tükenmişlik (r=0.18; p<0.01) ve somatizasyon puan ortalamaları (p><0.01) aleksitimik olmayan hemşirelerden daha yüksektir. Aleksitimi ile tükenmişlik (r=0.18; p><0.01), öfke (r=0.34; p><0.01) ve somatizasyon (r=0.32 p><0.01) arasında pozitif bir ilişki olduğu saptanmıştır. Sonuç: Çalışma bulguları hemşirelerde aleksitimi düzeyinin yüksek olduğunu, aleksitimi puanı arttıkça tükenmişlik, öfke ve somatizasyon düzeylerinin de arttığını göstermiştir><0.01), öfke (r=0.34; p<0.01) ve somatizasyon puan ortalamaları (p><0.01) aleksitimik olmayan hemşirelerden daha yüksektir. Aleksitimi ile tükenmişlik (r=0.18; p><0.01), öfke (r=0.34; p><0.01) ve somatizasyon (r=0.32 p><0.01) arasında pozitif bir ilişki olduğu saptanmıştır. Sonuç: Çalışma bulguları hemşirelerde aleksitimi düzeyinin yüksek olduğunu, aleksitimi puanı arttıkça tükenmişlik, öfke ve somatizasyon düzeylerinin de arttığını göstermiştir><0.01) ve somatizasyon (r=0.32; p<0.01) ve somatizasyon puan ortalamaları (p><0.01) aleksitimik olmayan hemşirelerden daha yüksektir. Aleksitimi ile tükenmişlik (r=0.18; p><0.01), öfke (r=0.34; p><0.01) ve somatizasyon (r=0.32 p><0.01) arasında pozitif bir ilişki olduğu saptanmıştır. Sonuç: Çalışma bulguları hemşirelerde aleksitimi düzeyinin yüksek olduğunu, aleksitimi puanı arttıkça tükenmişlik, öfke ve somatizasyon düzeylerinin de arttığını göstermiştir><0.01) arasında pozitif bir ilişki olduğu saptanmıştır. Sonuç: çalışma bulguları hemşirelerde aleksitimi düzeyinin yüksek olduğunu, aleksitimi puanı arttıkça tükenmişlik, öfke ve somatizasyon düzeylerinin de arttığını göstermiştir.Publication Open Access An inquiry into the TUI design space for parent-child math engagement at home(Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), 2022) Department of Psychology; Department of Media and Visual Arts; Department of Psychology; Department of Media and Visual Arts; Beşevli, Ceylan; Göksun, Tilbe; Özcan, Oğuzhan; Faculty Member; Faculty Member; KU Arçelik Research Center for Creative Industries (KUAR) / KU Arçelik Yaratıcı Endüstriler Uygulama ve Araştırma Merkezi (KUAR); College of Social Sciences and Humanities; N/A; 47278; 12532Preschoolers' early-math development is vital for their later math and academic achievement. Tangible user interfaces (TUI) may support early math as they feature physical objects imperative to math development and multimedia to support engagement. As a potentially meaningful context for TUIs, developmental studies highlight the need to support the home math environment (HME) that covers math-related interactions among parents and children. Therefore, we focus on HME as a design space that has not been investigated in TUI literature. We conducted an observational study involving physical-object based math activities and semi-structured interviews with 13 parent-child dyads. Our findings revealed the multifaceted nature of the HME, where children's agency is valued and providing lasting materials is challenging. Also, we realized that parents juggled their child's demands and the object-based physical activity at once. By reflecting on these findings, we propose design directions for supporting the home-math environment with TUIs.Publication Metadata only Anxiety disorders comorbidity in pediatric bipolar disorder: a meta-analysis and meta-regression study(Wiley, 2020) Morey Özcan, Aslıhan; Ongur, Dost; N/A; N/A; N/A; N/A; N/A; N/A; N/A; Eser, Hale Yapıcı; Taşkıran, Ali Sarper; Ertınmaz, Beliz; Mutluer, Tuba; Kılıç, Özge; Necef, Işıl; Yalçınay-İnan, Merve; Faculty Member; Teaching Faculty; Undergraduate Student; Faculty Member; Doctor; Doctor; Koç University Hospital; N/A; N/A; Koç University Hospital; N/A; Koç University Hospital; N/A; Koç University Hospital; 134359; 195168; N/A; 305311; 167890; N/A; N/A; N/AObjective Anxiety disorders (AD) are known for its comorbidity and negative impact on the course of adult bipolar disorder (BD). However, there is limited research on AD comorbidity in pediatric BD (PBD). Here, we aimed to conduct a meta-analysis and meta-regression study about the comorbidity and covariates of AD and PBD. Method We systematically searched relevant articles published until May 2019, as defined in PRISMA guidelines. Variables for associated features and prevalence of AD were extracted. Results Thirty-seven articles represented data for the analysis. Lifetime any AD comorbidity was 44.7%; panic disorder (PD) was 12.7%; generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) was 27.4%; social phobia was 20.1%; separation anxiety disorder (SAD) was 26.1%; and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) was 16.7%. Childhood-onset studies reported higher GAD and SAD comorbidity, while adolescent-onset studies reported higher PD, OCD, and social phobia. Age of onset, gender, comorbidity of ADHD, substance use, oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder affected each anxiety disorders' comorbidity with PBD differently. Conclusion Anxiety disorders are highly comorbid with PBD. Early-onset PBD increases the risk of AD. Biopsychosocial aspects of this comorbidity and its course needs to be evaluated further.Publication Metadata only Association between GLP-1 receptor gene polymorphisms with reward learning, anhedonia and depression diagnosis(Cambridge University Press (CUP), 2020) Appadurai, Vivek; Chen, Chia-Yen; Ongur, Dost; Pizzagalli, Diego A.; Werge, Thomas; Hall, Mei-Hua; N/A; Eser, Hale Yapıcı; Eren, Candan Yasemin; Dereli, Dilek Yazıcı; Faculty Member; PhD Student; Faculty Member; Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM) / Koç Üniversitesi Translasyonel Tıp Araştırma Merkezi (KUTTAM); N/A; Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM) / Koç Üniversitesi Translasyonel Tıp Araştırma Merkezi (KUTTAM); School of Medicine; School of Medicine; School of Medicine; Koç University Hospital; 134359; N/A; 179659Background: Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptors (GLP-1Rs) are widely expressed in the brain. Evidence suggests that they may play a role in reward responses and neuroprotection. However, the association of GLP-1R with anhedonia and depression diagnosis has not been studied. Here, we examined the association of GLP-1R polymorphisms with objective and subjective measures of anhedonia, as well as depression diagnosis. Methods: Objective [response bias assessed by the probabilistic reward task (PRT)] and subjective [Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale (SHAPS)] measures of anhedonia, clinical variables and DNA samples were collected from 100 controls and 164 patients at McLean Hospital. An independent sample genotyped as part of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC) was used to study the effect of putative GLP-1R polymorphisms linked to response bias in PRT on depression diagnosis. Results: The C allele in rs1042044 was significantly associated with increased PRT response bias, when controlling for age, sex, case-control status and PRT discriminability. AA genotype of rs1042044 showed higher anhedonia phenotype based on SHAPS scores. However, analysis of PGC major depressive disorder data showed no association between rs1042044 and depression diagnosis. Conclusion: Findings suggest a possible association of rs1042044 with anhedonia but no association with depression diagnosis.