Researcher:
Park, Yongsoo

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Yongsoo

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Park

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Park, Yongsoo

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2017 - 201932020 - 20222

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Researcher Of Publications: search.filters.isAuthorOfPublication.832dec53-5527-465b-ae99-7b7d2cf156bd

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    Role of exosomal MicroRNAs in cell-to-cell communication
    (Humana Press Inc., 2022) Tastan, Bora; Tarakcioglu, Emre; Genc, Sermin; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics; Park, Yongsoo; Birinci, Yelda; Faculty Member; Researcher; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics; College of Sciences; College of Sciences; 240759; 183492
    Exosomes, a type of extracellular vesicle, are small vesicles (30–100 nm) secreted into extracellular space from almost all types of cells. Exosomes mediate cell-to-cell communication carrying various biologically active molecules including microRNAs. Studies have shown that exosomal microRNAs play fundamental roles in healthy and pathological conditions such as immunity, cancer, and inflammation. In this chapter, we introduce the current knowledge on exosome biogenesis, techniques used in exosome research, and exosomal miRNA and their functions in biological and pathological processes.
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    SNARE-mediated fusion of single chromaffin granules with pore-spanning membranes
    (Cell Press, 2019) Hubrich, Raphael; Steinem, Claudia; Jahn, Reinhard; Mey, Ingo; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics; Park, Yongsoo; Faculty Member; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics; College of Sciences; 240759
    Pore-spanning membranes (PSMs) composed of supported membrane parts as well as freestanding membrane parts are shown to be very versatile to investigate SNARE-mediated fusion on the single-particle level. They provide a planar geometry readily accessible by confocal fluorescence microscopy, which enabled us for the first time, to our knowledge, to investigate the fusion of individual natural secretory granules (i.e., chromaffin granules (CGs)) on the single-particle level by two-color fluorescence microscopy in a time-resolved manner. The t-SNARE acceptor complex Delta N49 was reconstituted into PSMs containing 2 mol % 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate and Atto488-1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine, and CGs were fluorescently labeled with 2-((1E,3E)-5-((Z)-3,3-dimethyl-1-octadecylindolin-2-ylidene)penta-1,3-dien-1-yl)-3,3-dimethyl-1-octadecyl-3H-indol-1-ium perchlorate. We compared the dynamics of docked and hemifused CGs as well as their fusion efficacy and kinetics with the results obtained for synthetic synaptobrevin 2-doped vesicles fusing with PSMs of the same composition. Whereas the synthetic vesicles were fully immobile on supported PSMs, docked as well as hemifused CGs were mobile on both PSM parts, which suggests that this system resembles more closely the natural situation. The fusion process of CGs proceeded through three-dimensional post-lipid-mixing structures, which were readily resolved on the gold-covered pore rims of the PSMs and which are discussed in the context of intermediate states observed in live cells.
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    Models of synaptotagmin-1 to trigger Ca2+-dependent vesicle fusion
    (Wiley, 2018) Ryu, Je-Kyung; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics; Park, Yongsoo; Faculty Member; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics; College of Sciences; 240759
    Vesicles in neurons and neuroendocrine cells store neurotransmitters and peptide hormones, which are released by vesicle fusion in response to Ca2+-evoking stimuli. Synaptotagmin-1 (Syt1), a Ca2+ sensor, mediates ultrafast exocytosis in neurons and neuroendocrine cells. After vesicle docking, Syt1 has two main groups of binding partners: anionic phospholipids and the SNARE (soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors) complex. The molecular mechanisms by which Syt1 triggers vesicle fusion remain controversial. This Review introduces and summarizes six molecular models of Syt1: (a) Syt1 triggers SNARE unclamping by displacing complexin, (b) Syt1 clamps SNARE zippering, (c) Syt1 causes membrane curvature, (d) membrane bridging by Syt1, (e) Syt1 is a vesicle-plasma membrane distance regulator, and (f) Syt1 undergoes circular oligomerization. We discuss important conditions to test Syt1 activity in vitro and attempt to illustrate the possible roles of Syt1.
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    PublicationOpen Access
    MicroRNA exocytosis by vesicle fusion in neuroendocrine cells
    (Frontiers, 2017) Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics; Park, Yongsoo; Faculty Member; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics; College of Sciences; 240759
    MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs that posttranscriptionally regulate gene expression inside the cell. Extracellular circulating miRNAs are also observed outside the cell, but their origin is poorly understood. Recently, miRNA has been shown to be exocytosed by vesicle fusion; this observation demonstrates that vesicle-free miRNAs are secreted from neuroendocrine cells, in a manner similar to hormone secretion. miRNAs are stored in large dense-core vesicles together with catecholamines, then released by vesicle fusion in response to stimulation; in this way, vesicle-free miRNA may regulate cell-to-cell communication including the regulation of gene expression and cellular signaling. Therefore, miRNA has been suggested to function as a hormone; i.e., a ribomone (ribonucleotide + hormone). This review focuses on the mechanisms by which vesicle-free miRNAs are secreted from neuroendocrine cells and will discuss potential functions of vesicle-free miRNAs and how vesicle-free miRNAs regulate cell-to-cell communication.
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    Isolation of large dense-core vesicles from bovine adrenal medulla for functional studies
    (Nature Publishing Group (NPG), 2020) Preobraschenski, Julia; Ganzella, Marcelo; Jahn, Reinhard; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics; Birinci, Yelda; Park, Yongsoo; Faculty Member; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics; College of Sciences; 183492; 240759
    Large dense-core vesicles (LDCVs) contain a variety of neurotransmitters, proteins, and hormones such as biogenic amines and peptides, together with microRNAs (miRNAs). Isolation of LDCVs is essential for functional studies including vesicle fusion, vesicle acidification, monoamine transport, and the miRNAs stored in LDCVs. Although several methods were reported for purifying LDCVs, the final fractions are significantly contaminated by other organelles, compromising biochemical characterization. Here we isolated LDCVs (chromaffin granules) with high yield and purity from bovine adrenal medulla. The fractionation protocol combines differential and continuous sucrose gradient centrifugation, allowing for reducing major contaminants such as mitochondria. Purified LDCVs show robust acidification by the endogenous V-ATPase and undergo SNARE-mediated fusion with artificial membranes. Interestingly, LDCVs contain specific miRNAs such as miR-375 and miR-375 is stabilized by protein complex against RNase A. This protocol can be useful in research on the biological functions of LDCVs.