Overlooked pain assessment records in patients with pressure injuries during the Covid-19 pandemic: a retrospective data analysis

Abstract

BACKGROUNDDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare professionals focused on identifying the cause of hemodynamic instability in patients and may have neglected to assess pressure injury (PI)-related pain. Although pain is an early indicator of PI development, there has been no systematic evaluation of PI-related pain in patients.OBJECTIVETo review nurses' records of PI-related pain in patients who developed PIs during the COVID-19 pandemic.METHODSThis retrospective, descriptive study included data from 510 patients at one hospital. Collected data included patient demographics (age, sex, diagnosis, and comorbidities), PI classification, and assessment of PI-related pain. Assessment data regarding PI-related pain included the characteristics of the pain, the type of analgesia (pharmacologic/nonpharmacologic) administered before and after PI management (debridement, dressing change, etc), the route of administration, and the frequency of pain assessment before and after analgesia.RESULTSThe mean age of the patients (60.4% men) was 28.96 (SD, 5.82) years, and the mean length of hospital stay was 26.15 (SD, 16.1) days. Overall, 43.1% of the patients were treated in the ICU, 68.0% were conscious, and 18.6% tested positive for COVID-19. Deep-tissue injuries occurred in 57.5% of patients, with 48.6% developing stage 2 PI. The sacral region was the most common area for PI development (44.8%). The mean duration of repositioning in patients with PI was 23.03 (SD, 5.4) hours. Only 0.40% of patients (n = 2) were evaluated for pain, and only one patient was assessed for pain before and after analgesia was administered.CONCLUSIONSThe findings suggest a lack of comprehensive evaluation and records concerning PI-related pain in patients with COVID-19.