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Publication Metadata only A new pilgrimage site at late antique Ephesus transfer of religious ideas in Western Asia Minor(Brill, 2020) N/A; Sewing, Katinka; Researcher; N/A; Koç University Research Center for Anatolian Civilizations (ANAMED) / Anadolu Medeniyetleri Araştırma Merkezi (ANAMED); N/AN/APublication Open Access Beyond the Westphalian rainbow: a dissident theory of supranational systems(Taylor _ Francis, 2018) Department of International Relations; Ruacan, İpek Zeynep; Department of International Relations; College of Administrative Sciences and EconomicsBeyond the Westphalian rainbow: a dissident theory of supranational systems. Territory, Politics, Governance. This article focuses on the work of Adam Watson from the English School of International Relations for two purposes. The first is to highlight the potential it contains for transcending the prejudices imposed upon international relations theory by the anarchy assumption and by the reification of independent statehood. The second and the more specific purpose is to understand the formation of legitimate supranational systems once these prejudices are removed. Watson approaches supranationalism as an extant condition in international society rather than as a deviation from a normal condition of anarchy or independent statehood, and proposes a culturalist and a moralistic framework in which supranational systems can be legitimized. As a case study to determine which framework is more valid, I analysed the convention on the future of Europe and concluded that the moralistic serves better for understanding how the European Union is legitimized. Once juxtaposed with Neo-Weberian historical sociology's insights into the state, Watson's moralistic framework can offer a foundational theory for reconsidering legitimate supranational systems and open up new research agendas in international relations theory.Publication Open Access Class and passports: transnational strategies of distinction in Turkey(Sage, 2016) Balta, Evren; Department of International Relations; Olcay, Özlem Altan; Faculty Member; Department of International Relations; College of Administrative Sciences and EconomicsThis article analyses the process whereby members of new classes in Turkey mobilize their resources so that their children receive US citizenship at birth. Following the actors' self-perceptions and motivations, we argue that US citizenship acquisition is a new capital accumulation strategy, aimed to forestall against risks in intergenerational transmission of class privileges. With this article, we aim to contribute to cultural class studies in the following ways: we suggest that the unpredictable nature of classification struggles becomes more evident in contexts where transition to neoliberalism is accompanied by dramatic political shifts. We situate the desire for US citizenship within class anxieties in Turkey, informed by historical meanings attached to the binary of the West' versus the East'. Finally, we break down the boundaries between different country-cases by drawing on citizenship as capital, rather than as a backdrop that actors share. We explain the new ways in which class distinction strategies are transnationalized in the contemporary period.Publication Metadata only Commemoration begins for the commonwealth and its allies(Routledge, 2019) Department of Archeology and History of Art; Şenocak, Lucienne; Faculty Member; Department of Archeology and History of Art; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; 100679The Commonwealth War Graves Commission's interest in the peninsula was largely concentrated in the areas where the Allied graves were located and attention was paid to completing infrastructure projects such as roads, small railways, nurseries, and wells, all which were needed to facilitate the building and landscape work for the many commemorative projects envisioned for the former battlefields. Compared to the Gallipoli battlefields, war on the Western Front had stretched out for longer, and the number of casualties was far higher. The British government, therefore, had decided within the first months of the war that the state should take over the responsibility for the burial and commemoration of its war dead. Once the standards and guidelines for memorializing the war dead were decided, headstones of uniform design and dimensions were created for Gallipoli, as they were throughout the cemeteries of Europe.Publication Metadata only Commemoration begins for the Ottoman martyrs(Routledge, 2019) Department of Archeology and History of Art; Şenocak, Lucienne; Faculty Member; Department of Archeology and History of Art; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; 100679The Mehmet Cavus Monument had originally been built in 1915 by Commander Mehmet Sefik Aker at the site of Cesarettepe to honor sixty of the Ottoman soldiers who had been killed there in his 19th Division. The less organized commemoration of Ottoman troops who died or were wounded at Gallipoli, when compared to the more systematic efforts undertaken by the Allied countries to bury and commemorate their Gallipoli dead immediately after the war ended, has been noted in many studies of the campaign. In the late Ottoman Empire, prior to World War One, there were very few state-commissioned public monuments to commemorate collectively those who died fighting for the sultan. Stylistic and iconographic choices made by most architects of the earliest commemorative Ottoman monuments generally followed the architectural trends for commemorative monuments in Europe, which was itself quite traditional in the 1920s.Publication Open Access Institutionalizing authoritarian urbanism and the centralization of urban decision-making(Routledge, 2021) Ergenç, Ceren; Department of International Relations; Yüksekkaya, Özge; Department of International Relations; Graduate School of Social Sciences and HumanitiesThe changes in the global neoliberal order leading up to the 2008 financial crisis shaped individual countries' political-administrative transformations. One of the most important trends in politics since then has been the (re)centralization of scalar politics. Urban financialization, which was proposed as a solution for the economic contraction in the post-crisis era, required fast and centralized decision-making without leaving much room for citizen participation and local variation. Turkey is a case in point for this global trend. Amid such rapid urban growth, we identify two parallel processes that weaken the local institutions and localized development in Turkey: the shifting of decision-making powers from municipalities to central state organs, especially with regard to the real estate industry; and the shifting of decision-making powers from the elected members of the city councils to the mayors themselves. We attempt to demonstrate the (re)centralization of urban decision-making process in Turkey by looking at the decisions and the processes within which those decisions were taken at Ankara Metropolitan Municipality City Council between 2014 and 2016. We argue that the rise of neoliberal authoritarianism is reinforced by the centralization of urban decision-making processes.Publication Open Access Partisan and apportionment bias in creating a predominant party system(Elsevier, 2019) Department of International Relations; Department of Business Administration; Çarkoğlu, Ali; Aksen, Deniz; Faculty Member; Faculty Member; Department of International Relations; Department of Business Administration; College of Administrative Sciences and Economics; 125588; 40308Moving beyond the analytical characteristics of apportionment methods or election systems, this article focuses on their outcomes in practice. We illustrate how apportionment and partisan biases working with a high threshold created an electoral environment conducive to the establishment of a predominant party system. We use the historical example of the Turkish experience. We trace the historical development of disproportionality for the entire multi-party elections for the 1950-2015 period. Focusing on the five most recent elections of this period since 2002, we demonstrate how the biases introduced by the apportionment method in use and the 10% threshold have advantaged the leading Justice and Development Party (Adalet ye Kalkinma Partisi, AKP). Our study suggests that a partisan bias favoring AKP still continues to exist at a lower level even after correcting the apportionment and the threshold biases. We underline how these biases form the foundation for a conservative over-representation and emphasize the path-dependent dynamics that keep challengers to the AKP away from the electoral scene, effectively helping to continue its hegemonic position in the system.Publication Metadata only The future of the Gallipoli peninsula Towards 2023(Routledge, 2019) Department of Archeology and History of Art; Şenocak, Lucienne; Faculty Member; Department of Archeology and History of Art; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; 100679A powerful narrative inscribed onto the landscape of Gallipoli has been shaped by the post-WWI secularist citizens of Turkey, and has focused on the important role played in the battles by the nation's founder Mustafa Kemal Pasha: Ataturk. Proponents of this narrative associate the landscape of Gallipoli primarily with the heroism and tenacity demonstrated by the nation's founder, a key military figure in the Gallipoli battles. Depending on national, political, and religious orientations, visitors to the Gallipoli peninsula follow different routes through the landscape. The itineraries of non-Turkish tourists typically highlight the iconic moments and places experienced on the peninsula by the Allied troops, and/or the Commonwealth and War Graves Commissions' tidy cemeteries and commemorative monuments. The Legend of Gallipoli was part of a much larger project, initiated in 2005 by the Ministry of Forestry and Water Affairs to develop the touristic infrastructure of the Gallipoli peninsula.Publication Metadata only The wall: the making and unmaking of the Turkish-Syrian border(Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2022) N/A; Goulordava, Karina; PhD Student; Graduate School of Social Sciences and Humanities; N/AN/A