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Publication Metadata only A decision model of timing(Elsevier Science Bv, 2016) Simen, Patrick; Department of Psychology; Balcı, Fuat; Faculty Member; Department of Psychology; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; 51269The fundamental assumption of pacemaker accumulator models of interval timing is that timed behavior relies on the accumulation of brain-derived clock signals. Following this theoretical tradition, a recent series of interval timing models has formulated the processing dynamics of timing behavior within the drift-diffusion decision theoretic framework, which has been traditionally applied to explain accuracy and response times in perceptual decision making. The generative processes assumed by these models and their key features can be implemented by neural populations given simple assumptions, and their predictions have received recent support from electrophysiological studies. This paper discusses the conceptual links of the diffusion model of interval timing to other prominent timing models and interprets recent electrophysiological evidence in relation to its predictions.Publication Metadata only Ageing, working memory, and mental imagery: understanding gestural communication in younger and older adults(Sage Publications Ltd, 2021) N/A; Department of Psychology; Arslan, Burcu; Göksun, Tilbe; PhD Student; Faculty Member; Department of Psychology; Graduate School of Social Sciences and Humanities; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; N/A; 47278Ageing has effects both on language and gestural communication skills. Although gesture use is similar between younger and older adults, the use of representational gestures (e.g., drawing a line with fingers on the air to indicate a road) decreases with age. This study investigates whether this change in the production of representational gestures is related to individuals' working memory and/or mental imagery skills. We used three gesture tasks (daily activity description, story completion, and address description) to obtain spontaneous co-speech gestures from younger and older individuals (N = 60). Participants also completed the Corsi working memory task and a mental imagery task. Results showed that although the two age groups' overall gesture frequencies were similar across the three tasks, the younger adults used relatively higher proportions of representational gestures than the older adults only in the address description task. Regardless of age, the mental imagery but not working memory score was associated with the use of representational gestures only in this task. However, the use of spatial words in the address description task did not differ between the two age groups. The mental imagery or working memory scores did not associate with the spatial word use. These findings suggest that mental imagery can play a role in gesture production. Gesture and speech production might have separate timelines in terms of being affected by the ageing process, particularly for spatial content.Publication Metadata only Autobiographical and event memory for 9/11: changes across one year(Wiley, 2003) Tekcan, Ali İzzet; Ece, Berivan; Er, Nurhan; Department of Psychology; Gülgöz, Sami; Faculty Member; Department of Psychology; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; 49200We tested Turkish participants' (n = 483) autobiographical and event memory for the events of September 11, 2001 3 days, 6 months, and 1 year after the event. The amount of autobiographical detail participants reported was very high after one year. The accuracy of event memory was moderate at 3 days, and declined sharply by 6 months. The consistency of autobiographical memory was higher than that of event memory at all time lags; however, there was no interaction between time lag and memory type. The data also provided partial support for Pezdek's (2003) conceptualization that the degree of involvement has different effects on event and autobiographical memory. Copyright (C) 2003 John Wiley Sons, Ltd.Publication Metadata only Autobiographical phenomenology of memories of fiction(Routledge Journals, Taylor and Francis Ltd, 2024) Department of Psychology; Çetin, Osman Görkem; Gülgöz, Sami; Department of Psychology; Graduate School of Social Sciences and Humanities; College of Social Sciences and HumanitiesMost autobiographical memories are based on real-life experiences, but memories of fiction have many similarities to real-life autobiographical memories. However, the phenomenological nature of this similarity, the potential differences between media types, and the role of individual differences need further investigation. Based on previous findings, we expected differences between media types on emotional intensity, sensory vividness, and confidence about the recall. To provide insight into these issues, we collected one real-life autobiographical memory and one memory of fiction (book, film, or video game) from 291 participants. We asked them to rate their memories phenomenologically. The participants also provided information regarding their motivations for engaging with fictional stories. Our results show phenomenological differences in several dimensions between media types and differences in the similarity of media types to real-life memories. While absorption seems to be a good predictor for immersion, escapism tendency is a motivation to engage with fiction frequently.Publication Metadata only Carving the world for language: how neuroscientific research can enrich the study of first and second language learning(Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2014) George, Nathan R.; Hirsh-Pasek, Kathy; Golinkoff, Roberta Michnick; Department of Psychology; Göksun, Tilbe; Faculty Member; Department of Psychology; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; 47278Linguistics, psychology, and neuroscience all have rich histories in language research. Crosstalk among these disciplines, as realized in studies of phonology, is pivotal for understanding a fundamental challenge for first and second language learners (SLLs): learning verbs. Linguistic and behavioral research with monolinguals suggests that infants attend to foundational event components (e.g., path, manner). Language then heightens or dampens attention to these components as children map word to world in language-specific ways. Cross-linguistic differences in semantic organization also reveal sources of struggles for SLLs. We discuss how better integrating neuroscience into this literature can unlock additional mysteries of verb learning.Publication Metadata only Characteristics and functions of predictive and directive memories and forecasts(Wiley, 2024) Department of Psychology; Ay, Demet; Gülgöz, Sami; Department of Psychology; College of Social Sciences and HumanitiesEarlier research focused on three functions of recollecting the past self, social, and directive functions, but few studies examined the characteristics of events serving these functions. Moreover, research has neglected the function of prediction, which refers to predicting the future by recollecting the past. The current study distinguished the predictive function from the directive function and aimed to characterize memories and future events serving different functions by employing function prompts as cues. In addition, the frequency of using function-cued memories for the other functions was measured. Results showed that predictive and directive function ratings of the predictive function cued events were significantly different. However, directive events served the predictive function as frequently as the directive function, indicating that the predictive function is a prerequisite for future planning conceptualized under the directive function. The results are indicative of a distinct predictive function and considerable overlap between functions of memories.Publication Metadata only Consistency of adults' earliest memories across two years(Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2019) Ece, Berivan; Demiray, Burcu; Department of Psychology; Gülgöz, Sami; Faculty Member; Department of Psychology; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; 49200The consistency of earliest memories in content, dating, and memory qualities was investigated. A total of 84 (27 males; M-age = 24.93, SD = 1.36) adults reported earliest memories, estimated ages, and rated their recollections on memory qualities with a two-year time lag. At Time 2, their original reports at Time 1 were presented and they were asked to report whether the earliest memories they recalled at Time 2 were the same. Fifty-six per cent of the participants reported the same earliest memories and those remembering the same events had earlier memories than those remembering different ones. Although no significant differences were observed in estimated ages on the basis of mean ages, a predating bias of later memories and a tendency to postdate earlier memories were observed on the basis of a 48-month cut-off point. Thus, how the data is analysed is critical in detecting dating biases or errors affecting conclusions and interpretations about the dating consistency of earliest memories. Finally, memory qualities of earliest memories displayed a high level of consistency with a two-year time lag regardless of remembering the same versus different event.Publication Metadata only Cool, but understanding...experiencing cooler temperatures promotes perspective-taking performance(Elsevier, 2013) Sassenrath, Claudia; Sassanberg, Kai; Department of Psychology; Semin, Gün Refik; Researcher; Department of Psychology; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; N/AThe current research examined the impact of temperature cues on perspective-taking. Individuals often start with their own point-of-view when taking another's perspective and thereby unintentionally project their own perspective onto others, which ultimately leads to egocentrically biased inferences of others' perspectives. Accordingly, perspective-taking is enhanced under conditions reducing this egocentric anchoring. In two studies, we show that perspective-taking is enhanced when participants are exposed to cooler rather than warmer temperature cues. Specifically, this is shown to be the case, because cooler temperatures reduce egocentric anchoring in perspective-taking (Study 2). Results are discussed with reference to the literature on (temperature) grounded cognition indicating a link between cold temperatures and social distance. Hence, whereas earlier research has shown that individuals feel more distant from each other when undergoing cooler thermal experiences, the present research suggests that this thermal experience prevents them from over-imputing their own perspectives onto others. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Publication Metadata only Cross-cultural variability of component processes in autobiographical remembering: Japan, Turkey, and the USA(Taylor & Francis, 2007) Rubin, David C.; Schrauf, Robert W.; Naka, Makiko; Department of Psychology; Gülgöz, Sami; Faculty Member; Department of Psychology; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; 49200Although the underlying mechanics of autobiographical memory may be identical across cultures, the processing of information differs. Undergraduates from Japan, Turkey, and the USA rated 30 autobiographical memories on 15 phenomenological and cognitive properties. Mean values were similar across cultures, with means from the Japanese sample being lower on most measures but higher on belief in the accuracy of their memories. Correlations within individuals were also similar across cultures, with correlations from the Turkish sample being higher between measures of language and measures of recollection and belief. For all three cultures, in multiple regression analyses, measures of recollection were predicted by visual imagery, auditory imagery, and emotions, whereas measures of belief were predicted by knowledge of the setting. These results show subtle cultural differences in the experience of remembering.Publication Metadata only Details in hand: how does gesturing relate to autobiographical memory?(Routledge, 2024) Güneş Acar, Naziye; Tekcan, Ali İ.; Department of Psychology; Göksun, Tilbe; Department of Psychology; College of Social Sciences and HumanitiesGestures are an integral and inseparable component of speech and people frequently use gestures when retelling their autobiographical memories. This study investigates whether gestures are associated with the retrieval of episodically and phenomenologically rich memories and how this association changes during development. Thirty-five children and 46 adults were asked to report autobiographical memories. Then, they rated the recalled memories on phenomenological qualities. Episodic and non-episodic details of autobiographical memories and representational gestures produced during memory narration were coded. The use of representational gestures was positively correlated with the episodic details of adult memories; however, the same correlation was not present in child memories. The representational gesture use was not associated with the phenomenological qualities in both groups. Gesture use may be related to the retrieval of autobiographical memories, particularly in adults capable of reporting long, coherent memories.